
	Software �>�Globalization�>�Terminology�>�

IBM Terminology

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z #

Please send any feedback about the terms and definitions on this site to terms@ca.ibm.com

�

�OAF: See origin address field.
�OAG: See Open Applications Group.
�OAM: (1) See object authority manager.; (2) See object access method.
�OAM complex (OAMplex): One or more instances of the object access method (OAM) running on systems that are part of a Parallel Sysplex. The OAM systems that are part of an OAMplex share a common OAM database in a DB2 data-sharing group.
�OAM-managed volume: An optical or tape volume controlled by the object access method (OAM).
�OAMplex: See OAM complex.
�OAMS: See Outgoing Application Message Store.
�OAM Storage Management Component (OSMC): A functional unit that determines where objects should be stored, manages object movement within the objects storage hierarchy, and manages expiration attributes based on the installation storage-management policy.
�OAM thread isolation support: An object access method (OAM) subsystem providing OAM-DB2 functions that use a different thread to DB2 than the application program thread.
�OASIS: See Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards.
�OASN: See origin application schedule number.
�object: (1) Anything that can be created or manipulated with SQL, such as tables, views, indexes, packages, procedures, triggers, or any other objects that can be created by issuing a CREATE statement. See also database object.; (2) In object-oriented design or programming, a concrete realization (instance) of a class that consists of data and the operations associated with that data. An object contains the instance data that is defined by the class, but the class owns the operations that are associated with the data.; (3) A named storage space that consists of a set of characteristics that describe the space and, in some cases, data. An object is anything that occupies space in storage, can be located in a library or directory, can be secured, and on which defined operations can be performed. Some examples of objects are programs, files, libraries, and stream files.; (4) In object-oriented design or programming, an abstraction that consists of data and operations associated with that data.; (5) In X/Open Directory Service, data that can be identified. Each object is represented by an entry in the Directory Information Base (DIB).; (6) In AFP architecture, a collection of structured fields, bounded by a begin-object function and an end-object function. The object can contain other structured fields containing data elements of a particular type.; (7) Any digital content that a user can manipulate as a single unit to perform a task. An object can appear as text, an icon, or both.; (8) In WebSphere MQ, a queue manager, a queue, a process definition, a channel, a namelist, authentication information object, or a storage class (z/OS only).; (9) An item stored in a versioned object base (VOB). An object can be identified by an object-selector string, which includes a prefix that indicates the kind of object, the object's name, and a suffix that indicates the VOB in which the object resides. Examples: lbtype:REL1@/vobs/vega on UNIX and lbtype:REL1@\vega on Windows See also label.; (10) An entity with a well-defined boundary and identity that encapsulates state and behavior. State is represented by attributes and relationships, behavior is represented by operations, methods, and state machines. An object is an instance of a class. See also class, instance.; (11) A region of storage. An object is created when a variable is defined. An object is destroyed when it goes out of scope. See also instance.; (12) A named byte stream having no specific format or record orientation.; (13) A directory or file.
�object access method (OAM): A program that provides object storage, object retrieval, object-storage hierarchy management, and storage and retrieval management for tape volumes contained in system-managed libraries. OAM isolates applications from storage devices, storage management, and storage-device hierarchy management.
�object-action paradigm: In VisualAge RPG, a pattern for interaction in which a user selects an object and then selects an action to apply to that object.
�object adapter: In Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), the primary interface that a server implementation uses to access Object Request Broker (ORB) functions.
�object alter authority: An object authority that allows the user to change the attributes of an object, such as specifying a trigger for a database file or changing the attributes of an SQL package.
�object auditing: A function of the i5/OS operating system that creates audit records for specified types of access to an object.
�object authority: A specific authority that controls what a system user can do with an entire object. For example, object authority includes deleting, moving, or renaming an object. There are five types of object authorities: object operational, object management, object existence, object alter, and object reference.
�object authority manager (OAM): In WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, WebSphere MQ for iSeries, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, the default authorization service for command and object management. The OAM can be replaced by, or run in combination with, a customer-supplied security service.
�object backup-storage group: A type of storage group containing optical or tape volumes that are used for backup copies of objects. See also second backup object, storage group.
�object class: (1) A categorization or grouping of objects that share similar behaviors and circumstances.; (2) In OSI, a way of grouping things of the same type, such as by country, region, or application entity. A set of common object classes has been defined by the ISO/CCITT directory standards.; (3) A template that is used to define the attributes and methods of an object.
�object class definition: A statement that specifies which attributes must be present in an object of that class, as well as attributes that might be present.
�object code: Machine-executable instructions, usually generated by a compiler from source code written in a higher level language. Object code might itself be executable or it might require linking with other object code files. See also source code.
�object code only (OCO): The practice of not supplying source code.
�OBJECT-COMPUTER: In COBOL, the name of an Environment Division paragraph in which the computer environment, within which the program is started, is described.
�object computer entry: In COBOL, an entry in the OBJECT-COMPUTER paragraph of the Environment Division that contains clauses that describe the computer environment in which the program is to be started.
�object container: A set of MO:DCA structured fields used to carry object data for a variety of objects.
�Object Data Manager (ODM): (1) A data manager intended for the storage of system data. The ODM is used for many system management functions. Information used in many commands and SMIT functions is stored and maintained in the ODM as objects with associated characteristics.; (2) An AIX proprietary storage mechanism for ASCII stanza files that are edited as part of configuring a drive into the kernel.
�object decomposition: The process of breaking an object into its component parts.
�object definition file (ODF): In VisualAge RPG, self-contained components that can be shared across applications.
�object definition table (ODT): A table built at compile time by the system to keep track of objects declared in the program. The program objects in the table include variables, constants, labels, operand lists and exception descriptions. The table resides in the compiled program object.
�object description: The characteristics (such as name, type, and owner name) that describe an object.
�object descriptor: A data structure that identifies a particular WebSphere MQ object. Included in the descriptor are the name of the object and the object type.
�object diagram: A diagram that describes objects and their relationships at a point in time. An object diagram is similar to a class diagram or communication diagram. See also class diagram, collaboration diagram.
�object directory table: A DB2 table that contains information about the objects that have been stored in an object storage group.
�object dispatcher: In the Tivoli environment, an object request broker provided by Tivoli Management Framework.
�object distribution: A function that allows a user to send source and data files, save files, job streams, spooled files, and messages to another user, either locally or on an SNADS network.
�Object Distribution Manager: The application that resides in the image host and provides services to the front-end application hosts for the storage, retrieval, and routing of image objects and coded data.
�object existence authority: An object authority that allows the user to delete the object, free storage of the object, save and restore the object, transfer ownership of the object, and create an object that was named by an authority holder.
�object file: (1) A member file in an object library.; (2) A file that contains compiled code.
�object flow state: A node in an activity diagram the represents the passing of an object from the output of one action to the input of another action.
�object handle: The identifier or token by which a program accesses the WebSphere MQ object with which it is working.
�object hierarchy: A way of illustrating relationships among objects. Each object that appears in a level below another object is an example of the upper object.
�object ID: See object identifier.
�object identifier (OID, object ID): (1) A hierarchical sequence of numbers that uniquely identifies an object.; (2) An identifier, which is usually a string of integers, that uniquely identifies a particular object within a distributed system.; (3) An ISO-defined format for identifying elements within an OSI network. An object ID consists of a string of integers. The integers in the string can identify a particular standards body, an enterprise, or the type or value of an object. An object ID is intended to be a universal identifier of an object. Examples of values that are specified in object ID format are abstract syntaxes, application context names, and application process titles.; (4) The unique 4-byte value or identifier that is assigned to a data model device. Object IDs can be used in SOAP commands, for quick searching in the data model or debugging.
�object information repository (OIR): In System Manager, the information about each object that identifies which product it is associated with, such as the release level, option, and the load identifier.
�objective: (1) A concise statement articulating a specific component of what the strategy must achieve and what is critical to its success. Objectives are best stated as action phrases which may include the means and desired results.; (2) A target level of performance expressed as a measurable goal, against which actual achievement can be compared. Objectives may be expressed as a quantitative standard, value (numeric or time), or rate. See also initiative.
�objective analyzer: A component of Tivoli Intelligent Orchestrator that determines the resource requirements of each application. It also identifies trends and peaks in resource use. Each managed application can have an associated objective analyzer.
�object library: (1) An area on a direct access storage device used to store object programs and routines.; (2) A file used to store object modules.
�object lifeline: See lifeline.
�Object Linking and Embedding (OLE): An application protocol developed by Microsoft Corporation that allows objects created by one application to be linked to or embedded in objects created by another application.
�object management (OM): In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), the creation, examination, modification, and deletion of potentially complex information objects.
�object management authority: An object authority that allows the user to specify the authority for the object, move or rename the object, and add members to database files.
�Object Management Group (OMG): A non-profit consortium whose purpose is to promote object-oriented technology and the standardization of that technology. The Object Management Group was formed to help reduce the complexity, lower the costs, and hasten the introduction of new software applications.
�object model: An abstraction of a system's implementation.
�object module: A set of instructions in machine language that is produced by a compiler or assembler from a subroutine or source module and can be input to the linking program. The object module consists of object code.
�object name: An object that consists of a namespace path and a model path. The namespace path provides access to the Common Information Model (CIM) implementation managed by the CIM Agent, and the model path provides navigation within the implementation. See also qualified name.
�object of entry: In COBOL, a set of operands and reserved words, within a Data Division entry of a COBOL program, that immediately follow the subject of the entry.
�object operational authority: An object authority that allows the user to look at the description of an object and use the object as determined by the user's data authorities to the object.
�object-oriented: Describing a computer system or programming language that supports objects.
�object-oriented programming: A programming approach based on the concepts of data abstraction and inheritance. Unlike procedural programming techniques, object-oriented programming concentrates not on how something is accomplished but instead on what data objects comprise the problem and how they are manipulated.
�object-oriented user interface: In VisualAge RPG, a type of user interface that implements the object-action paradigm.
�object owner: A user who creates an object or to whom the ownership of an object was reassigned. The object owner has complete control over the object.
�object program: (1) In the original program model (OPM), a set of instructions in machine-readable form. The object program is produced by a compiler from a source program. In the Integrated Language Environment (ILE) model, an object program is the result of binding modules together.; (2) A fully compiled or assembled program that is ready to be loaded into the computer. An object program consists of object modules.
�object reference: (1) In a Tivoli environment, the object identifier (OID) that is given to an object during its creation.; (2) In Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA), the information needed to reliably identify a particular object.
�object reference authority: An object authority that allows the user to specify a database file as the first level in a referential constraint.
�object registry: A networkwide database that records the storage locations of all versioned object base (VOB) storage directories and all view storage directories.
�Object Request Broker (ORB): In object-oriented programming, software that serves as an intermediary by transparently enabling objects to exchange requests and responses.
�object server: See resource manager.
�object server cache: See resource manager cache.
�Object Storage and Retrieval (OSR): A component of the object access method (OAM) that stores, retrieves, and deletes objects. OSR stores objects in the storage hierarchy and maintains the information about these objects in DB2 databases.
�object storage database: A DB2 database that contains an object directory for an object storage group, a storage table for objects less than or equal to 3 980 bytes, and a storage table for objects greater than 3 980 bytes.
�object storage group: A type of storage group that contains objects on a direct access storage device (DASD), a tape, or an optical volume. See also storage group.
�object storage hierarchy: A hierarchy consisting of objects stored in DB2 table spaces on a direct access storage device (DASD), on optical or tape volumes that reside in a library, and on optical or tape volumes that reside on a shelf. See also storage hierarchy.
�object storage table: A DB2 table that contains objects.
�object subclass: An object created from another object and from which the properties of the original object are inherited.
�object superclass: The object from which subclass objects are created. The properties of the superclass object are inherited by the superclass object.
�object time: In COBOL, the time at which a program is run.
�object type: (1) A categorization or grouping of object instances that share similar behaviors and characteristics.; (2) In query management, the substring following the query command name that specifies the type of query object to be processed.
�object UUID: In DCE Remote Procedure Call (RPC), the Universal Unique Identifier (UUID) that identifies a particular RPC object.
�observability: The property of an object, which is derived from data stored with the object, that allows source to be retrieved from the object, allows the object to be re-created without being recompiled, and allows the object to be symbolically debugged.
�observer: A task that watches a process and its associated repositories, and produces output when a certain condition becomes true (for example, a threshold value has been reached).
�obstruction: An object that prevents something from working correctly.
�occasionally connected: In SQL replication, pertaining to a replication configuration that contains target servers that are not always connected to the network. This configuration allows users to connect to a primary data source for a short time to synchronize their local databases with the data at the source.
�OCCF: See Operator Communication Control Facility.
�occurrence: See repeatable sequence.
�OCDB: See optical configuration database.
�OCDS: See offline control data set.
�OCF: See operations command facility.
�OCO: See object code only.
�OCR: (1) See overcommitment ratio.; (2) See optical character recognition.
�OCS channel: See open content syndication channel.
�octal: A base-eight numbering system.
�octal constant: The digit 0 (zero) followed by any digits 0 through 7.
�octet: (1) A byte composed of eight binary elements.; (2) In Internet Protocol (IP) addressing, one of the four parts of a 32-bit integer presented in dotted decimal notation. See also dotted decimal notation.
�ODBA: See Open Database Access.
�ODBC: See Open Database Connectivity.
�ODBC driver: A dynamically-linked library (DLL) that implements ODBC function calls and interacts with a data source.
�ODBC driver manager: A DLL with an import library. The primary purpose of the Driver Manager is to load ODBC drivers. The Driver Manager also provides entry points to ODBC functions for each driver and parameter validation and sequence validation for ODBC calls.
�odd/even bus pair: An optical link card supports a pair of buses; one has an even number and the other has an odd number (for example, bus 2 and 3).
�ODF: See object definition file.
�ODLC: See outboard data link control.
�ODM: See Object Data Manager.
�ODOE: See on demand operating environment.
�ODP: See open data path.
�ODS: (1) See on-disk structure.; (2) See operation data store.
�ODT: See object definition table.
�OEM: See original equipment manufacturer.
�OEMI: See Original Equipment Manufacturer's Information.
�offer: A price for a product, in one or more currencies, along with a set of conditions such as an effective time range or an acceptable quantity range, which must be satisfied in order to use the price.
�offering: (1) An enrollable item made available through the offerings catalog. These include course offerings, curriculums, learning events, and certificates.; (2) A logical unit of software packaging and sharing that has a managed development and maintenance life cycle and customer visible attributes (offering features, product IDs, licenses, maintenance contracts, and so forth). An offering is a serviceable software asset that is orderable by an IBM customer. It can be a collection of common components, assemblies, and other offerings. See also common component, feature, assembly, serviceable software asset.; (3) A template used to describe one or more services, with guaranteed service levels, which forms the basis for service level agreements (SLAs).
�offering component: The basic unit of service, which supplies the metrics and breach values used to create an offering.
�offerings catalog: A service that lists and manages course offerings.
�offerings manager: A person who creates course offerings.
�offer price: A price at which items are offered by a store. The offer price is the final price paid, before taxes, discounts, and shipping. See also list price.
�off-hook: A telephone line state, usually induced by lifting a receiver, in which the line is ready to make a call.
�offline: Pertaining to the operation of a device that is not under the control of a system. See also online.
�offline authoring: A feature that enables users to read and modify a document outside the tool.
�offline backup: A backup of the database or table space that is made while the database or table space is not being accessed by applications. During an offline backup, the backup database utility acquires exclusive use of the database until the backup is complete. See also online backup.
�offline control data set (OCDS): In DFSMShsm, a Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM) key-sequenced data set (KSDS) that contains information about tape backup volumes and tape migration-level-2 volumes. See also control data set.
�offline learning client: A component of the Lotus Learning Management System that is used to download courses to a computer so that a student can work throughout the course while disconnected from the network.
�offline maintenance: Maintenance activities that can occur only when user access to a database is interrupted. See also online maintenance.
�offload: To move jobs and work off work queues in order to remove them from contention for system resources or off spools to free system work space.
�offloading: In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, an automatic process whereby a queue manager's active log is transferred to its archive log.
�offset: The number of measuring units from an arbitrary starting point to some other point.
�offset pie slice: In Business Graphics Utility, a slice that is slightly removed from a pie chart to emphasize it.
�offset stacking: A function that allows the printed output pages to be offset for easy separation of the print jobs.
�off-the-rack: An offering or solution that is standard and identical to what all other customers may receive. See also glue code.
�OFR: See online forward recovery.
�OGSA: See Open Grid Services Architecture.
�OGSA instance: A single deployment of the Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) in an environment. An instance can represent an individual node or several clones of nodes.
�OGSA Policy Service: An industry-standard interface that enables developers to consistently define policies within a network environment. The OGSA Policy Service follows the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), policy-based network architecture and implements the behavior of the Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA) specification.
�OGSI: See Open Grid Services Infrastructure.
�ohm: A unit of measure of electrical resistance.
�OID: (1) See object identifier.; (2) See originator ID.
�OIDCARD: A small card with a magnetic stripe encoded with unique characters and used to verify the identity of a terminal operator to RACF.
�OIR: See object information repository.
�OLAP: See online analytical processing.
�OLDS: See online log data set.
�OLE: See Object Linking and Embedding.
�OLIC: See online image copy.
�OLTP: See online transaction processing.
�OLU: See origin logical unit.
�OM: (1) See object management.; (2) See Operations Manager.
�OMG: See Object Management Group.
�omit function: A system function that determines which records from a physical file are to be omitted from a logical file. See also select function.
�OMVS: The portion of a RACF profile that contains information about users of z/OS UNIX System Services, such as attributes.
�OMVS segment: The portion of an RACF profile that contains OMVS logon information.
�OnDemand: A licensed program that provides a set of archive features that allows you to store large volumes of data or retrieve selected data. This data can be on disk, can be optical, or can be on tape storage media. OnDemand provides computer output to laser disk and extended archiving functions for a variety of data types.
�on demand operating environment (ODOE): The technology infrastructure needed to support an on demand business. The on demand operating environment is integrated, uses open standards, is virtualized, and has autonomic capabilities. See also self-healing.
�on-disk structure (ODS): The common, portable format used to store information in a Notes database. The ODS version of a Notes database is listed on the Info tab of the Database Properties box.
�one-phase commit: (1) A protocol that is used by a sync point manager to commit a transaction when only resources that are managed as a single entity are changed during the transaction. For example, one-phase commit would be used when a single database on a single system is changed. If either the system or communications fail during a one-phase commit, the sync point manager may not be informed of whether the changes were committed or rolled back.; (2) A protocol with a single commit phase, that is used for the coordination of changes to recoverable resources when a single resource manager is involved.
�one-way hash: (1) A function that converts a message into a fixed string of digits.; (2) An algorithm that converts processing data into a string of bits; known as a hash value or a message digest.; (3) In cryptography, pertaining to a type of algorithm that can be applied to a buffer of data to produce a fixed string of digits. Cryptographic programs often apply one-way hash algorithms against a set of data and often compare the results with previously generated hash values.
�one-way interaction: A type of messaging interaction in which a request message is used to request function without a reply.
�one-way message delay: The time elapsed from the moment that a message is sent from its origin until it reaches its destination.
�on-hook: A telephone line state, usually induced by hanging up a receiver, in which the line is ready to receive a call.
�online: (1) Pertaining to the operation of a functional unit or device that is under the control of the system or of a host. See also offline.; (2) Pertaining to a user's access to a computer by way of a terminal.
�online analytical processing (OLAP): The process of collecting data from one or many sources; transforming and analyzing the consolidated data quickly and interactively; and examining the results across different dimensions of the data by looking for patterns, trends, and exceptions within complex relationships of that data.
�online backup: A backup of the database or table space that is made while the database or table space is being accessed by other applications. See also offline backup.
�online catalog: General term for a collection of catalog groups or catalog entries available for display and purchase at an online store. See also master catalog.
�online change: An IMS function that supports the adding, changing, or deleting of IMS resources online such as transactions, database directories, program directories, DMBs, PSBs, and Fast Path routing codes without stopping the system to define them.
�online forward recovery (OFR): In an RSR environment, the process by which a stopped shadow database or area is brought to currency with the database or area on the active IMS by the tracking IMS.
�online image copy (OLIC): (1) The process of creating an image copy while the database is online.; (2) The image copy created by the online image copy process.
�online index: An index of the topics for the components or products in an information center.
�online index reorganization: The reorganization of indexes on a table while the table and existing indexes are available for reading and updating by concurrent transactions.
�online information: Information on the display screen that explains displays, messages, and programs.
�online log data set (OLDS): (1) A data set on direct access storage that contains the log records written by an online IMS system. See also system log data set.; (2) A data set on direct access storage that contains the log records written by DBCTL. When the current OLDS is full, DBCTL continues logging to a further available OLDS. See also system log data set.
�online maintenance: Maintenance activities that can occur while users are connected to a database. See also offline maintenance.
�online name: In Sametime, the name by which a user is seen by other users. This name is entered, along with a password, when the user logs into the Sametime server.
�online reorganization: Database reorganization, which is available only for HALDBs and DEDBs, during which the database remains available for updates during the reorganization process.
�online status: The current state of a person who is logged in to a server.
�online test: A standardized set of tests for BSC. The tests are used to ensure the proper operation and correct working of the data link (lines and modems) portion of the total system.
�online transaction processing (OLTP): A type of interactive application in which requests submitted by users are processed as soon as they are received. Results are returned to the requester in a relatively short period of time.
�only-in-chain (IOC): A request unit for which the request header (RH) begin chain indicator and RH end chain indicator are both on.
�ontology: An explicit formal specification of the representation of the objects, concepts, and other entities that can exist in some area of interest and the relationships among them. See also Web Ontology Language.
�OOB: See out-of-band.
�OOP: See out-of process.
�OOV: See out-of-vocabulary.
�OPC: See originating point code.
�op code: See operation code.
�open: (1) To make a file available to a program for processing. See also close.; (2) To establish a temporary logical connection between a file and a running program. The connection exists until the program closes the connection or the program terminates.
�Open Applications Group (OAG): A non-profit industry consortium comprised of many prominent stakeholders in the business software component interoperability arena. The OAG defines Business Object Documents (BOD).
�open content syndication channel (OCS channel): An XML-based format for syndicated content.
�Open Database Access (ODBA): A callable interface that can be used by an z/OS application program to issue DL/I calls to an IMS DB system. The application program must use the RRS of z/OS as a sync-point manager.
�Open Database Connectivity (ODBC): A standard application programming interface (API) for accessing data in both relational and nonrelational database management systems. Using this API, database applications can access data stored in database management systems on a variety of computers even if each database management system uses a different data storage format and programming interface.
�open data path (ODP): A control block created when a file is opened. An ODP contains information about the merged file attributes and information returned by input or output operations. The ODP only exists while the file is open. See also shared file.
�OpenEdition MVS: See UNIX System Services.
�OpenEdition MVS file system: See z/OS file system.
�open feedback area: In the C language, an area containing general information about the opened file, including its name, library, and file type. This area also contains specific information about the file type, which applicable fields depend on, and about each device and communications session defined for the file.
�open file: A file that is currently associated with a file descriptor.
�open file description: A record of how a processor or a group of processes are accessing a file. Each file descriptor refers to exactly one open file description, but an open file description can be referred to by more than one file descriptor. A file offset, file status, and file access modes are attributes of an open file description. X/Open. ISO.1.
�Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA): A well-defined set of basic interfaces that is the basis for constructing various systems and is used to describe extensibility, vendor neutrality, and commitment to a community standardization process. OGSA brings together Web services standards such as Web Services Description Language (WSDL); Universal Description, Discovery, and Integration (UDDI); and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP). See also grid computing, Reporting Grid Services.
�Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI): The set of interfaces that enable developers to create, discover, manage, and exchange information among grid services.
�open key storage: In MVS storage protection, storage with storage key 9. called key-9 storage. In open key storage, fetch and store operations are permitted, regardless of the access key. CICS user-key storage is in MVS open key storage.
�open mode: In COBOL, the condition of a file after the program processes an OPEN statement for that file and before the program processes a CLOSE statement for that file. The particular open mode is specified in the OPEN statement as either INPUT, OUTPUT, I-O, or EXTEND.
�open registration: A registration process in which any user can register their own workstation as a client node with the server. See also closed registration.
�open relationship: A relationship on an object that no longer points to a second object because the second object has been deleted.
�Open Service Gateway (OSG): A specification that is being defined by the Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi), a consortium of more than 20 companies, including IBM. The OSG specification will outline open standards for the management of voice, data and multimedia wireless and wired networks..
�Open Service Gateway initiative (OSGi): A consortium of more than 20 companies, including IBM, that creates specifications to outline open standards for the management of voice, data and multimedia wireless and wired networks.
�Open Servlet Engine (OSE): A lightweight communications protocol developed by IBM for interprocess communication.
�Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): A link-state routing protocol that was developed for IP networks and is based on the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm. Open Shortest Path First is an Interior Gateway Protocol.
�Open Software Foundation (OSF): A nonprofit research and development organization with these goals: to develop specifications and software for use in an open software environment; and to make the specifications and software available to information technology vendors under fair and equitable licensing terms.
�open source: Pertaining to software whose source code is publicly available for use or modification. Open source software is usually developed as a public collaboration and made freely available, although its use and redistribution might be subject to licensing restrictions. Linux is a well known example of open source software.
�open system: A system whose characteristics comply with standards made available throughout the industry and that therefore can be connected to other systems complying with the same standards.
�open systems interconnection (OSI): The interconnection of open systems in accordance with standards of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) for the exchange of information.
�open systems interconnection architecture (OSI architecture): Network architecture that adheres to the particular set of ISO standards relating to Open Systems Interconnection.
�open systems interconnection network (OSINET): A test network sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The goal of OSINET is to provide a common set of OSI protocols that allow all participants to communicate with each other for development and research, and for interoperability testing.
�open systems interconnection reference model (OSI-RM): The seven-layer basic reference model that ISO 7498 (CCITT X.200) uses to describe how open systems should act and interact. The three primary kinds of interactions described in that reference model are the interactions: (a) inside layers, (b) between layers, and (c) between open systems.
�Open Transaction Manager Access (OTMA): A component of IMS that implements a transaction-based, connectionless client/server protocol in an MVS sysplex environment. The domain of the protocol is restricted to the domain of the MVS Cross-System Coupling Facility (XCF). OTMA connects clients to servers so that the client can support a large network (or a large number of sessions) while maintaining high performance. See also IMS connect.
�operand: (1) An entity on which an operation is performed.; (2) Information entered with a command name that defines the data on which a command processor operates and that controls the running of the command processor.; (3) An argument to a command that is generally used as an object supplying information to a utility necessary to complete its processing. Operands generally follow the options in a command line.
�operating diskette: In finance communications, the diskette that contains the operating image. The operating diskette is used to load the operating image to the main storage of the 4701 Finance Communication Controller.
�operating image: In finance communications, a collection of the 4701 Finance Communication Controller microcode, user system configuration, and user application programs.
�operating mode: A setting that determines the degree of automation and manual intervention required in creating and approving deployment requests. There are three modes: automatic, semi-automatic, and manual. An operating mode can be defined at the global, application, and tier level.
�operating set: The set of nodes that are operating together to deliver storage services.
�operating system (OS): A collection of system programs that control the overall operation of a computer system.
�Operating System/400 (OS/400): The IBM licensed program that can be used as the operating system for iSeries servers prior to Version 5 Release 3. See also i5/OS.
�operating system process: A unique address space and execution environment in which instances of classes and subsystems reside and run.
�operating system template: A set of installation and configuration data that z/VM Center uses as a source for creating operating system instances. Operating system templates are created from master systems.
�Operating System/Virtual Storage (OS/VS): A family of operating systems that control IBM System/360 and System/370 computing systems. OS/VS includes VS1, VS2, MVS/370, MVS/XA, and MVS/ESA.
�operation: (1) In object-oriented design or programming, a service that can be requested at the boundary of an object. Operations include modifying an object or disclosing information about an object.; (2) A specific action (such as add, multiply, or shift) that the computer performs when requested.; (3) An implementation of functions or queries that an object might be called to perform. See also method.
�Operational Assistant: A part of the operating system that provides a set of menus and displays for end users to do commonly performed tasks, such as working with printer output, messages, and batch jobs.
�operational data: (1) Data that is collected by an application during its operation. An application can store its operational data in many formats, such as relational databases, log files, and spreadsheet files. It is "live" data, as opposed to the historical data in the central data warehouse.; (2) Data that is used to run the day-to-day operations of an organization.
�operational data store: The place where operational data resides, such as a database or a log file.
�operational descriptor: Information about an argument's size, shape, and type, which is passed by the system to the called procedure. This information is useful when the called procedure cannot precisely anticipate the form of the argument, for example, different types of strings.
�operational report: (1) A report based on data from the WebSphere Commerce database that is created in real time.; (2) A report that shows current information about data center inventory, activity, and system compliance.
�operational sign: In COBOL, an algebraic sign associated with a numeric data item or a numeric constant that indicates whether the item is positive or negative.
�operation code (op code): (1) A code used to represent the operations of a computer.; (2) In RPG, a word or abbreviation, specified in the calculation specifications, that identifies an operation.
�operation data store (ODS): The working area for the extract, transform, and load (ETL) processing. The data from WebSphere Commerce is replicated to ODS (_r tables).
�operation mapping: An interface map in which operations of the source interface are mapped to operations of the target interface.
�operations command facility (OCF): A facility of the central processor complex (CPC) that accepts and processes operations management commands.
�Operations Console: A feature of System i Access for Windows that provides the ability for a System i console to be either a local or a remote personal computer. With Operations Console, a system administrator, for example, can access the console from home. See also local console, remote console, twinaxial console.
�operations management: In System Manager, the discipline that manages the use of systems and resources to support enterprise information-processing work loads.
�operations manager: A defined role in WebSphere Commerce that manages order processing, ensuring that orders are properly fulfilled, payment is received, and orders are shipped. The operations manager can search for customer orders, view details, manage order information, and create and edit returns. See also order, sales manager.
�Operations Manager (OM): In an IMSplex, a CSL component that receives commands from AOPs, routes the command to IMSplex members, consolidates commands responses, and sends the responses to the AOP.
�Operations Navigator: See System i Navigator.
�operator: (1) In the C, COBOL, and REXX languages, a token that specifies the type of action to be done on one or more terms. The four types of operators are concatenation, arithmetic, comparison, and logical.; (2) In an access plan for an SQL or XQuery statement, a token that specifies the type of action that must be performed on data or on the output from a table or an index when the access plan is executed.; (3) In Query Patroller, a person who has a subset of administrator authorities, as defined in his or her operator profile. See also profile.; (4) An enterprise search user who has the authority to observe, start, and stop collection-level processes.
�Operator Communication Control Facility (OCCF): An IBM licensed program that allows communication with and the operation of remote MVS or VSE systems.
�operator control function: In MFS, the means by which a terminal operator controls the display of output messages. Specific operator control functions are provided by IMS, but their use must be defined by the user in an operator control table.
�operator control table: In MFS, a user-defined table of operator control functions; when a table is used, a specific control function is invoked when the input device data or data length satisfies a predefined condition.
�operator function: An overloaded C++ operator that is either a member of a class or takes at least one argument that is a class type or a reference to a class type.
�operator identification (OPID): A 1-to-3 character code that is assigned to each operator and is stored in the operator's terminal entry in the CICS terminal control table (TCTTE) when the operator signs on.
�operator logical paging: An MFS facility that allows the device operator to request a specific logical page of an output message. See also logical paging.
�operator panel: See control panel.
�operator precedence: In programming languages, an order relationship that defines the sequence of the application of operators with an expression.
�operator profile: A specification of the resources and activities over which a network operator has control. The profile is stored in a file that is activated when the operator logs on.
�OPID: See operator identification.
�OPM: See original program model.
�OPTB: See output parameter text block.
�optical cable: A fiber, multiple fibers, or a fiber bundle in a structure built to meet optical, mechanical, and environmental specifications.
�optical character recognition (OCR): Character recognition that uses optical means to identify graphic characters. See also magnetic ink character recognition.
�optical configuration database (OCDB): The optical library table, the library slot table, the optical drive table, the optical volume table, and the tape volume table that reside in a DB2 database and describe the current object access method (OAM) configuration.
�optical device: Either a CD-ROM drive, a digital video disk (DVD), or both.
�optical disk: A disk that uses laser technology for data storage and retrieval.
�optical disk cartridge: A plastic case that protects and holds an optical disk, and permits insertion into an optical disk drive.
�optical disk drive: The mechanism used to seek, read, and write data on an optical disk. An optical disk drive can be operator-accessible or library-resident.
�optical drive: The part used to seek, read, and write data on an optical disc. An optical drive may reside in an optical library or as a stand-alone unit.
�optical image file: A byte-stream file that contains a bit-for-bit mapping of an ISO9660 format CD-ROM or Universal Disk Format (UDF) DVD.
�optical library: A set of optical disk drives and optical disks defined to a source control data set (SCDS). An optical library can be a physical library with the optical drives and optical disks residing within the same storage device, or a pseudo library that consists of operator-accessible drives and shelf-resident optical disks.
�optical redundancy: A second optical path used to keep the system operational when a hardware failure occurs.
�optical scanner: A device that scans optically and usually creates an analog or digital signal.
�optical volume: Storage space on an optical disk, identified by a volume label. See also shelf-resident optical volume.
�optical volume set: Both sides of a double-sided volume optical disc containing optically stored data.
�OptiConnect: (1) A feature of the i5/OS operating system that allows a user to connect multiple System i systems by using SPD bus, high-speed link (HSL) loop, or virtual interpartition technologies.; (2) A System i system area network (SAN) that allows high-speed links between systems in a System i cluster. OptiConnect provides three hardware technologies (SPD OptiConnect, high-speed link (HSL) OptiConnect, and virtual OptiConnect) that can exist simultaneously on a single cluster node.
�optimistic concurrency control: See optimistic locking.
�optimistic locking: A locking strategy whereby no lock is held between the time that a row is selected and the time that an update or a delete operation is attempted on that row. See also pessimistic locking.
�optimization guideline: An instruction to the query optimizer on how to choose a query execution plan. See also optimization profile, global optimization guideline, statement optimization guideline.
�optimization level: The level of efficiency for processing a program, which is determined by the application programmer. When the code is optimized on the system, the system uses processing shortcuts to reduce the amount of system resources necessary to produce the same output. The processing shortcuts are then translated by the system into machine code, which allows the program to run more efficiently.
�optimization profile: An XML document that contains optimization guidelines for one or more DML statements. An optimization profile is used to provide explicit guidelines to the query optimizer when DML statements are not achieving the desired performance and tuning options are ineffective. See also optimization guideline.
�optimize: To improve the speed of a program or to reduce the use of storage during processing.
�optimized dialogue transfer: In OSI, a quality-of-service value provided by the session layer that enables the concatenation of multiple application entity requests--such as data and control information requests--when transferring them. The concatenation increases data throughput.
�optimized SQL text: SQL text, produced by the Explain facility, that is based on the query actually used by the optimizer to choose the access plan. This query is supplemented and rewritten by the various components of the SQL compiler during statement compilation. The text is reconstructed from its internal representation and differs from the original SQL text. The optimized statement produces the same result as the original statement.
�optimum block size: For data sets that do not use the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), the block size that would result in the smallest amount of space used on a device, taking into consideration record length and device characteristics.
�opt in: In a privacy policy, a representation of an individual's implicit or explicit choice to accept the intended use of the individual's privacy-sensitive information. See also opt out, privacy policy.
�option: (1) A specification in a statement that can influence the running of the statement.; (2) One or more characters added to a SWIFT field number to distinguish among different layouts for and meanings of the same field. For example, SWIFT field 60 can have an option F to identify a first opening balance, or M for an intermediate opening balance.; (3) See feature.
�optional file: In COBOL, a file that is declared as being not necessarily present each time the program is started.
�optional user facilities: Facilities defined within the CCITT Recommendation X.25 that a user of a packet-switching data network can request when establishing a virtual circuit.
�optional word: In COBOL, a reserved word included in a specific format only to improve the readability of a COBOL statement or entry.
�option button: See radio button.
�option entry: An entry in a VSAM data set that contains transmission options used by IP PrintWay to transmit data sets to a print queue in a TCP/IP network. Each option entry can also contain NetSpool parameters that specify data set characteristics for use by NetSpool. See also options data set.
�option indicator: A 1-character field that is passed with an output data record from a program to the system that is used to control the output function, such as controlling which fields in the record are displayed.
�option line: See command line.
�options data set: In IP PrintWay prior to OS/390 V2R8, a VSAM data set containing one or more options entries. See also option entry.
�option set: A set of functions that may be supported by products that implement a particular architecture. A product may support any number of option sets or none. For each option set supported, all functions in that set are supported. See also base set.
�opt out: In a privacy policy, a representation of an individual's implicit or explicit choice to decline the intended use of the individual's privacy-sensitive information. See also opt in, privacy policy.
�ORB: See Object Request Broker.
�ORB set: A group of ORBs.
�orchestration: The process of making real-time decisions about where and when to allocate resources to support business priorities and maintain service levels, based on information collected about the data center environment.
�order: The definition of a service level agreement (SLA), which also includes customer information, an offering, and the specific elements that make up the SLA. For example, customer "Accounting" signs up for the "Gold" offering for the "www.acme.com/accounting" Web site.
�order block: An indicator added to an order that indicates if the items in an order can be released to fulfillment.
�ordered set: In fibre-channel technology, a transmission word that uses 8B/10B mapping and begins with the K28.5 character. Ordered sets occur outside of frames, and include: frame delimiters, which mark frame boundaries and describe frame contents; primitive signals, which indicate events; and primitive sequences, which indicate or initiate port states. Ordered sets are used to differentiate fibre-channel control information from data frames and to manage the transport of frames. See also data word.
�ordering mode: In DB2 XQuery, a mode, either ordered or unordered, that affects the ordering of the result sequence that is returned by path expressions, union expressions, intersect expressions, and except expressions and by FLWOR expressions that do not have an order by clause.
�ordering property: In UML modeling, a constraint that indicates whether attributes and association ends should be arranged in a sequence when they are grouped in a set of similar model elements.
�orderly disconnection: An option for disconnecting CICS from DBCTL using the CDBC transaction. It allows all existing DBCTL tasks to be completed before CICS is disconnected from DBCTL. See also immediate disconnection.
�ordinal position: The position associated with each element in an array. The ordinal position is an integer value greater than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to n, where n is the cardinality.
�ordinary identifier: An uppercase letter followed by zero or more characters, each of which is an uppercase letter, a number, or the underscore character. An ordinary identifier should not be a reserved word.
�ordinary token: A numeric constant, an ordinary identifier, a host identifier, or a keyword.
�organization: (1) A hierarchical arrangement of organizational units, such that each user is included once and only once.; (2) An entity where people cooperate to accomplish specified objectives, such as an enterprise, a company, or a factory.
�organization administrator: In WebSphere Commerce, the representative of a member organization who establishes organizational approval flows, and assigns roles to the users within the organization.
�Organizationally Unique Identifier (OUI): An IEEE-standards number that identifies an organization with a 24-bit, globally unique, assigned number referenced by various standards. The OUI is used as part of the worldwide ID (WWID) in the family of 802 LAN standards, such as Ethernet and token ring, and in Fibre Channel standards.
�organizational role: In identity management, a list of account owners that is used to determine which entitlements are provisioned to them.
�organizational unit (OU): (1) A unit within an organization, such as a company, that identifies a particular set of users.; (2) An Active Directory container object used within domains. An organizational unit is a logical container into which users, groups, computers, and other organizational units are placed. It can contain objects only from its parent domain. An organizational unit is the smallest scope to which a Group Policy object can be linked, or over which administrative authority can be delegated.; (3) A body whose data is to be kept separate from that of other, similar bodies. WebSphere BI for FN uses OUs to control access to resources, and to ensure data segregation. Typically, OUs are used to represent different financial institutions, or different departments within a financial institution.; (4) One of the types of subsidiary entities that can be added to an organization. Typically, organizational units are used to logically separate business units by function.
�Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS): A worldwide consortium of more than 600 corporate and individual members that develop and promote worldwide e-business standards, such as standards for Web services, XML, electronic publishing, security, and so on.
�organization tree: A hierarchical structure of the organization that provides a logical place to create, access, and store organizational information.
�organization unit: (1) A particular occurrence or example of an organization definition. For an organization definition called Department, an example of an organization unit would be Sales and Marketing.; (2) Primary component of an organization, providing a context for its management. Organization structure relates a parent unit to its subsidiaries in a hierarchy, and each unit is responsible for collections of other business components. See also business system.
�orientation: (1) In printing, the number of degrees an object is rotated relative to a reference; for example, the orientation of an overlay relative to the logical page origin, or the orientation of printing on a page relative to the page coordinates. Orientation usually applies to blocks of information, whereas character rotation applies to individual characters. See also character rotation.; (2) The orientation of a stream refers to the type of data which may pass through the stream. A stream without orientation is one on which no stream I/O has been performed.
�origin address field (OAF): In SNA, a field in a format identification 0 (or format identification 1) transmission header that contains the network address of the originating location. In a format identification 2 heading, the field is called origin address field prime (OAF'). See also destination address field, local session identification.
�original database: In a remote journal network, the data files that reside on a primary system. During normal operations, applications make changes to the original database on the primary system.
�original equipment manufacturer (OEM): A manufacturer of equipment that can be marketed by another manufacturer.
�Original Equipment Manufacturer's Information (OEMI): A reference to an older IBM standard for a computer peripheral interface, which defines the IBM S/360 and S/370 Channel to Control Unit interface. This interface uses ESA/390 logical protocols over a common bus that configures attached units in a multi-drop bus topology.
�original program model (OPM): The set of functions for compiling source code and creating high-level language programs before the Integrated Language Environment (ILE) model was introduced.
�origin application schedule number (OASN): An IMS recovery element in an external subsystem (for example, DB2). The OASN is equivalent to the unit-of-recovery ID in the CICS recovery token. It is coupled with the IMS ID to become the recovery token for LUWs in external subsystems.
�originating point code (OPC): A code that identifies the signaling point that originated an MTP signal unit. Unique within a particular network.
�originating task: The primary agent in a parallel group that receives data from other execution units (referred to as parallel tasks) that are executing portions of the query in parallel. See also parallel task.
�originator address: A string of data representing the address of the originator of the message. The contents and format of the string are not defined by the mail server framework. The address type associated with the originator address is assumed to define the contents of the originator address field.
�originator ID (OID): A 28-byte identifier that contains a note's unique universal ID (UNID), which is essential for replication.
�originator/recipient name (O/R name): In OSI X.400, the name of the user (the originator and recipient of messages) and other attributes.
�origin ID: See origin identifier.
�origin identifier (origin ID): A 34-byte field of the MERVA user file record. It indicates, in a MERVA and SWIFT Link installation that is shared by several banks, to which of these banks the user belongs. This lets the user work for that bank only.
�origin logical unit (OLU): A logical unit that is the source of a Locate search request as part of a session initiation sequence.
�O/R name: See originator/recipient name.
�orphan account: On a managed resource, an account whose owner cannot be automatically determined by the provisioning system.
�orphan data: Data that is recorded between the last safe backup for a recovery system and the time when the application system experiences a disaster. This data is lost either when the application system becomes available for use or when the recovery system is used in place of the application system.
�orphaned contact: A contact that exists in the health notification contact list but is not defined in the contact list that is stored on the system that is specified by the CONTACT_HOST configuration parameter of the DB2 administration server. See also contact.
�orphaned element: An element that is no longer cataloged in any version of any directory. Such elements are moved to the lost+found directory of the versioned object base (VOB).
�orphaned mutex: A mutual exclusion lock that was held by a thread when that thread ended. This makes associated application data or thread resources inconsistent.
�orphan lock: An orphan lock is an RLS lock that is held by VSAM RLS but unknown to any CICS region. An RLS lock becomes an orphan lock if it is acquired from VSAM by a CICS region that fails before it can log it. A VSAM interface enables CICS, during an emergency restart, to detect the existence of these locks and release them.
�OR relationship: The specification of conditioning indicators such that the conditioned operation is done when any one of the conditions is met.
�OS: See operating system.
�OS/390: The IBM operating system that includes and integrates functions previously provided by many IBM software products (including the MVS operating system) for the IBM S/390 family of enterprise servers.
�OS/400: See Operating System/400.
�OSAM: See overflow sequential access method.
�OSE: (1) See Open Servlet Engine.; (2) See output scheduling element.
�OSF: See Open Software Foundation.
�OSF/Motif: A graphical interface that contains a toolkit, a presentation description language, a window manager, and a style guideline.
�OSG: See Open Service Gateway.
�OSGi: See Open Service Gateway initiative.
�OSGi service: An interface registered in the OSGi Service Platform and made available for receiving remote or local invocations.
�OSI: See open systems interconnection.
�OSI application: An application that communicates over an OSI network.
�OSI architecture: See open systems interconnection architecture.
�OSI Communications Subsystem: The IBM licensed program that provides communications support for open systems interconnection (OSI) on the system.
�OSI directory standard: The standard, known as X.500, that defines a comprehensive directory service, including an information model, a namespace, a functional model, and an authentication framework. X.500 also defines the Directory Access Protocol (DAP) used by clients to access the directory. The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) removes some of the burden of X.500 access from directory clients, making the directory available to a wider variety of machines and applications.
�OSI File Services: The IBM licensed program that provides open systems interconnection (OSI) file transfer, access, and management on the system.
�OSI Message Services: The IBM licensed program that provides message services (X.400) for open systems interconnection (OSI) on the system.
�OSINET: See open systems interconnection network.
�OSI network: A data communications network that exchanges data according to the OSI protocols.
�OSI protocols: The set of rules for exchanging data defined by the ISO in accordance with the OSI reference model.
�OSI-RM: See open systems interconnection reference model.
�OSMC: See OAM Storage Management Component.
�OSN: See output sequence number.
�OSN acknowledgment: A collective term for the various kinds of acknowledgments sent to the SWIFT network.
�OSPF: See Open Shortest Path First.
�OSR: See Object Storage and Retrieval.
�OS/VS: See Operating System/Virtual Storage.
�other-domain resource: See cross-domain resource.
�OTMA: See Open Transaction Manager Access.
�OU: See organizational unit.
�OUI: See Organizationally Unique Identifier.
�outage: (1) A failure of a system, or planned down time for maintenance or upgrade.; (2) A service condition that is below a defined threshold of acceptable performance.
�out-band discovery: See out-of-band discovery.
�outboard: Pertaining to a part that is external to the main unit.
�outboard data link control (ODLC): Data link control (DLC) processing performed by a coprocessor.
�outboard formatting: A technique for reducing the amount of line traffic between a host processor and an attached subsystem. The reduction is achieved by sending only variable data across the network. This data is combined with constant data by a program within the subsystem. The formatted data can then be displayed.
�outboard policy management: A method of managing tape volumes that defines actions for volume policies at the library instead of at the host.
�outboard record: A record originated by I/O and communication components and supported by the access methods. It describes permanent errors or reports statistical data.
�outbound: In communication, pertaining to data that is sent to the network. See also inbound.
�outbound authentication: The configuration that determines the type of accepted authentication for outbound requests.
�outbound channel: A channel that takes messages from a transmission queue and sends them to another queue manager.
�outbound document: See target document.
�outbound DTE attribute: In OSI, an attributes defined by the local node to regulate communications with an adjacent node over an X.25 subnetwork. The attribute affects only the communications over the subnetwork between the local and adjacent nodes; it does not regulate end-to-end communications.
�outbound event: An event emitted from a monitoring context or from a KPI context.
�outbound filter: A filter that is applied to frames flowing from a port onto a transmission link or LAN.
�outbound intrusion: See extrusion.
�outbound map: A map that transforms an application-specific business object into a generic business object.
�outbound message: A message generated by WebSphere Commerce that is sent to a back-end system. Outbound messages are used to integrate WebSphere Commerce with other systems.
�outbound port: The mechanism through which an outbound service communicates with the externally-hosted Web service. Messages pass between the outbound service and the external service through the appropriate port.
�outbound processing: The process by which a calling client application uses the adapter to update or retrieve data in an enterprise information system (EIS). The adapter uses operations such as create, update, delete, and retrieve to process the request.
�outbound raw attack: An outbound packet that uses a nonstandard protocol.
�outbound service: The service that provides access through one or more outbound ports to a Web service that is hosted externally.
�outer join: (1) A join method in which a column that is not common to all of the tables being joined becomes part of the resultant table.; (2) The result of a join operation that includes the matched rows of both tables that are being joined and preserves some or all of the unmatched rows of the tables that are being joined. See also inner join, join.
�Outgoing Application Message Store (OAMS): A message store, implemented as the database table DNF_OAMS, in which messages sent by local applications (ISN messages) and their acknowledgement messages (ISN ACKs) are stored.
�outgoing mail: In voice mail, messages sent by a subscriber to another subscriber on the same system, which have not yet been listened to by the addressee.
�outgoing mail database: A file that temporarily stores outgoing mail that users create when not connected to a mail server.
�outgoing message: A message with a debit payment to be scheduled and sent to another bank.
�outline: The structure that defines all elements of a database within the DB2 OLAP Server. For example, an outline contains definitions of dimensions, members, and formulas.
�outline box: In VisualAge RPG, a rectangular box positioned around a group of controls to indicate that all the controls are related.
�outline font: Fonts whose graphic character shapes are defined by mathematical equations rather than by raster patterns. See also raster font.
�out-of-band (OOB): (1) Pertaining to user-specific data that has meaning only for connection-oriented (stream) sockets. The server generally receives stream data in the same order that it was sent. OOB data is received independent of its position in the stream (independent of the order in which it was sent).; (2) Pertaining to signals that are carried within the telephony signaling channel, as opposed to the voice channel. See also in-band.
�out-of-band communication: Communication that occurs through a modem or other asynchronous connection, for example, service processor alerts sent through a modem or over a LAN.
�out-of-band discovery: The process of discovering SAN data, including topology and device data, without using the Fibre Channel data paths. A common mechanism for out-of-band discovery is the use of SNMP MIB queries, which are invoked over a TCP/IP network. See also in-band discovery.
�out-of process (OOP): A process that isolates the providers from the main CIM server by running the providers in a separate process.
�out-of-space condition: For a data set, a situation in which its allocated space is not large enough to contain more data. For a direct access storage device (DASD) or tape volume, the out-of-space condition describes the situation in which a data set on the volume cannot be extended or another data set cannot be created.
�out-of-vocabulary (OOV): Pertaining to words that are not found in a dictionary.
�output: (1) The result of processing data. Output can be displayed, printed, stored, or passed to another process.; (2) An exit point through which an element can notify downstream elements that they can now start.
�output activity: The end point of the business process.
�output branch: The area of a decision, fork, join, or merge that contains the outputs.
�output criteria: Number and types of outputs required to be produced by a task or process.
�output data: Data resulting from computer processing. See also input data.
�output data set: A file that contains the results of processing.
�output field: A field specified in a display file, database file, printer file, or ICF file that is reserved for the information processed by a program. See also input field.
�output file: (1) A database or device file that is opened with the option to allow records to be written.; (2) In COBOL, a file that is opened in either the output mode or extend mode.
�output group: A group of output data sets that share certain characteristics, such as class and destination.
�output indicator: In RPG, an indicator used to define the conditions under which an output record or an output field in the output specifications is written. An output indicator must be previously defined before it is used in the output specifications.
�output/input field: A field specified in a database, display, or ICF file that can be used for both the information supplied to the program and the information received from the program during processing.
�output list: A list of variables from which values are written to a file or device.
�output log-buffer: In WebSphere MQ for z/OS, a buffer that holds recovery log records before they are written to the archive log.
�output message: (1) A valid response mode message, a conversational mode message, an exclusive mode message, an IMS system message, an application program message, or a message switch.; (2) A message that has been received from the SWIFT network. An output message has an output header.
�output mode: In COBOL, the state of a file after running an OPEN statement, with the OUTPUT or EXTEND phrase specified for that file, and before running a CLOSE statement, without the REEL or UNIT phrase specified for that file.
�output node: A message flow node that represents a point at which messages leave the message flow or subflow. See also input node.
�output parameter: A parameter of an MQI call in which the queue manager returns information when the call completes or fails.
�output parameter text block (OPTB): In CICS/VSE, In VSE/POWER's spool-access support, information that is contained in an output queue record if a * $$ LST or * $$ PUN statement includes any user-defined keywords that have been defined for autostart.
�output PIN-protection key: In Cryptographic Support, a key encrypting key used to encrypt a PIN before it is sent to another location.
�output procedure: In COBOL, a set of programs to which control is given after a sort or merge operation.
�output queue: (1) An object that contains a list of spooled files to be written to an output device, such as a printer or a diskette. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *OUTQ.; (2) A mechanism that can direct sequence information about ordered products to a printer or a file.
�output redirection: The specification of an output destination other than the standard one.
�output scheduling element (OSE): A control block that describes the characteristics of one or more output data sets of the same job.
�output screen: A screen that a user navigates to based on data entry and keystrokes in a 3270 application. In the 3270 terminal service recorder, the access route from one screen to another can be recorded and saved in a dialog file.
�output sequence number (OSN): A number assigned by a system to a message sent by the system. See also input sequence number.
�output service (OUTSERV): A function that handles output from jobs. When a job's data sets are passed to the output service, each data set is placed on the output queue to be processed.
�output specifications: In RPG, the means by which the programmer describes the output records and their fields or adds RPG functions to an externally described output file.
�output stream: (1) In RJE, data received from the host system to the attached devices (for example, control characters, data files, and messages). See also input stream.; (2) Messages and other output data that an operating system or a processing program displays on output devices.
�outputter: Software that distributes normalized events to one or more event consumers.
�output terminal node: A primitive through which a message is propagated by a subflow. Each output terminal node is represented as an output terminal of the corresponding subflow node.
�output writer: A part of the Job Entry Subsystem (JES) that receives job output from the system spool.
�OUTSERV: See output service.
�outside link: See external link.
�overbooked: Pertaining to a resource reservation state that indicates that insufficient resources are available for the reservation.
�overcommitment ratio (OCR): The ratio of the number of active users and the amount of main storage they use to the size of the interactive main storage pool.
�overflow: (1) The condition that occurs when data cannot fit in the designated field.; (2) A condition that occurs when a portion of the result of an operation exceeds the capacity of the intended unit of storage. See also exponent-overflow exception, fixed-point overflow exception.
�overflow area: In an HDAM or PHDAM database, the area in which IMS stores data when the root addressable area does not have enough space for a segment. See also root addressable area.
�overflow exception: A condition caused by the result of an arithmetic operation having a magnitude that exceeds the largest possible number.
�overflow indicator: In RPG, an indicator that signals when the overflow line on a page has been printed or passed. The indicator (OV and OA through OF) can be used to specify which lines are to be printed on the next page.
�overflow sequential access method (OSAM): An IMS data management access method that combines selected characteristics of BSAM and BDAM for handling data overflow from ISAM. OSAM is used by the following IMS database access methods: HISAM, HIDAM, and HDAM if VSAM is not used. OSAM is also used by some of the online pool management routines.
�overflow storage group: A storage management subsystem (SMS) storage group used to satisfy allocations for which there is no space in the primary storage group. The overflow storage group is also known as a spill storage group.
�overflow structure: A coupling facility list structure that contains shared queues when the primary structure reaches a user-specified overflow threshold. The overflow structure is optional. See also primary structure.
�overhead: The operating system activity required to perform a task.
�overlapped keystroking: A means of eliminating the delay experienced by operators when performing repetitive data entry tasks by using two BMS partitions to display two copies of the same data entry panel. After filling the first panel, the operator presses ENTER to transmit the data and moves into the second partition. While CICS is processing the input from the first partition, the operator can continue to input data in the second partition.
�overlapping fields: Fields in the same display or printer record that occupy the same positions on the display or page. Option indicators can be used to select which of the overlapping fields is to be displayed or printed.
�overlay: (1) To write over (and therefore destroy) an existing file.; (2) A program segment that is loaded into main storage and replaces all or part of a previously loaded program segment.; (3) In Performance Tools, a graph that is placed on top of another graph so that a user can view both graphs at the same time.; (4) A collection of predefined data, such as lines, shading, text, boxes, or logos, that can be merged with variable data on a page or form while printing.; (5) The technique of repeatedly using the same areas of internal storage during different stages of a program. Unions are used to accomplish this in C and C++.
�overlay map: A technique used with BMS to achieve simulated windows. See also base map, canned map.
�overlay path: All of the segments in an overlay structure between a given segment and the root segment.
�overlay program: A program module structured in such a way that, at execution time, certain control sections are loaded only when referenced.
�overlay region: In an overlay structure, a contiguous area of virtual storage into which segments can be loaded independently of paths in other regions. Only one path within an overlay region can be in virtual storage at any given time.
�overlay segment: The smallest unit of an overlay program that can be separately loaded by the overlay supervisor. An overlay segment consists of one or more sections and is always loaded at the same offset relative to the start of the program module.
�overlay segment table: A table that describes the segments of an overlay program. The overlay segment table is located at the beginning of the root segment.
�Overlay Utility: In AFP Utilities, an interactive tool that allows the user to create an overlay.
�overloaded function name: A function name for which multiple functions exist within a function path or schema. Those within the same schema must have different signatures.
�overloading: (1) T