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IBM Terminology


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K
 
 K28.5
A special 10-bit character used to indicate the beginning of a transmission word that performs fibre-channel control and signaling functions. The first seven bits of the character are the comma pattern. See also comma.
 Kanji
A graphic character set consisting of symbols used in Japanese ideographic alphabets. Each character is represented by 2 bytes.
 Katakana
A Japanese phonetic syllabary used primarily for foreign names and place names and words of foreign origin. See also Hiragana, Kanji.
 Kb
See kilobit.
 kbps
See kilobits per second.
 KDC
See key distribution center.
 keepalive
Pertaining to the amount of time that elapses before a message is sent to verify a connection.
 Kerberos
(1) A network authentication protocol that is designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography. See also Kerberos ticket.
(2) A network authentication protocol that is based on symmetric key cryptography. Kerberos assigns a unique key, called a ticket, to each user who logs on to the network. The ticket is embedded in messages that are sent over the network. The receiver of a message uses the ticket to authenticate the sender.
 Kerberos ticket
A transparent application mechanism that transmits the identity of an initiating principal to its target. A simple ticket contains the principal's identity, a session key, a timestamp, and other information, which is sealed using the target's secret key. See also Kerberos.
 kernel
(1) In OSI, a session-layer functional unit that supports the basic session services required to establish connections, transfer normal data, and release connections.
(2) The part of an operating system that contains programs for such tasks as input/output, management and control of hardware, and the scheduling of user tasks. See also kernel address space.
 kernel address space
The address space containing the MVS support for z/OS UNIX services. This address space can also be called the kernel. See also kernel.
 kernel configuration file
In the UNIX operating system, a text file used by the config program to create the files necessary to build a new kernel. The file defines parameters used to size the kernel for performance and I/O capabilities.
 kernel domain
Major component of CICS providing a consistent linkage and recovery environment for CICS. The application programmer has no external interface to kernel linkage.
 Kernel Linkage
A component of CICSPlex SM that is responsible for building data structures and managing the interfaces between the other CICSPlex SM components. The environment built by Kernel Linkage is known as the method call environment.
 kernel thread
A one-to-one mapping between program threads and process threads where each thread is assigned to a machine task.
 kerning
The design of graphic characters so that their character boxes overlap. The toned picture elements (pels) of the character appear outside the character cell.
 key
(1) A column or an ordered collection of columns that is identified in the description of a table, index, or referential constraint. The same column can be part of more than one key.
(2) A cryptographic mathematical value that is used to digitally sign, verify, encrypt, or decrypt a message. See also private key, public key.
(3) One or more characters within an item of data that are used to uniquely identify a record and establish its order with respect to other records. See also alternate-index record.
(4) A button on a keyboard or key pad.
(5) Information that characterizes and uniquely identifies the real-world entity that is being tracked by a monitoring context.
 key attribute
A simple attribute whose value is unique for each business object.
 key authentication
See authentication.
 keyboard
An input device consisting of various keys that allows the user to input data, control cursor and pointer locations, and control the dialog with the workstation.
 keyboard mapping
A list that establishes a correspondence between keys on the keyboard and characters displayed on a display screen, or action taken by a program, when that key is pressed.
 keyboard profile
In System i Access, a file that defines the way characters and functions are mapped to keys on the keyboard when the personal computer is emulating a host session.
 keyboard shift
In DDS, a characteristic that can be specified for a field in a display file that automatically shifts the display station keyboard to control what the display station user can enter into the field. In IDDU and DDS, the keyboard shift can also be specified in database files, but only applies when these fields are referred to in a display file.
 keyboard shortcut
A key or combination of keys that a user can press to perform an action that is available from a menu.
 keyboard style
In System i Access, the keyboard key assignments that are changed to match a particular keyboard type or user-defined arrangement.
 keyboard type
The physical key arrangement and assignments for the keyboard shipped from the factory.
 key class
In EJB query language, a class that is used to create or find an entity bean. It represents the identity of the entity bean, corresponding to the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database.
 key-controlled storage protection
An MVS facility for protecting access to storage. Access to key-controlled storage is permitted only when the storage key matches the access key associated with the request.
 key database file
See key ring.
 key distribution center (KDC)
A network service that provides tickets and temporary session keys. The KDC maintains a database of principals (users and services) and their associated secret keys. It is composed of the authentication server and the ticket granting ticket server.
 keyed compliance
A requirement whereby the user must have a license key (code) from the software provider to be able to change the usage limit or the expiration date of the license information.
 keyed data queue
An i5/OS data queue that contains individual pieces of data (messages) that are associated with a key value. Messages can be received from a keyed data queue by specifying the key value or a relational operator. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *DTAQ.
 keyed direct retrieval
A type of record access that uses relative record number, exact key, approximate key, or generic key.
 Keyed-Hashing Message Authentication Code (HMAC)
A mechanism for message authentication that uses cryptographic hash functions.
 keyed sequence
An order in which records are retrieved that is based on the contents of key fields in records. See also arrival sequence.
 keyed sequence access path
An access path to a database file that is arranged according to the contents of key fields contained in the individual records.
 keyed sequential access
In the Virtual Storage Access Method (VSAM), the retrieval or storage of a data record in its key or relative-record sequence, relative to the previously retrieved or stored record as defined by the sequence set of an index.
 keyed sequential retrieval
A type of record access that uses keyed direct retrieval to recover subsequent records implicitly in key or relative record-number sequence without specifying another key or relative record number.
 key-encrypting key
A key that is used exclusively for encrypting and decrypting keys. See also data-encrypting key.
 key entry area
In AFP Utilities, an area shown at the lower part of the image area for entering the parameters for an element.
 key field
(1) A field used to arrange the records of a particular type within a file member.
(2) In EJB query language, a container-managed field in an entity bean that corresponds to one of the primary-key columns of a row in a relational database. Each key field is a member of the entity bean's key class.
(3) The portion of a record that is used (possibly with other key fields) to locate a data record in a key file See also alternate key.
(4) The field in a database segment used to store segment occurrences in sequential ascending order. A key field is also a search field. See also search field.
(5) See sequence field.
 key field level specification
Data description specification coded on the lines following the last field specification. Key field level specifications are permitted only for physical files or logical files.
 key file
See key ring.
 key function
When used on a flat collection, a function that returns a reference to the key of an element.
 key identifier
The unique name associated with the key for a thread in a process.
 key locator
A mechanism that retrieves the key for XML signing, XML digital signature verification, XML encryption, and XML decryption.
 keylock feature
A security feature in which a lock and key can be used to restrict the use of the display station.
 keylock switch
A switch on the control panel that can be set to one of four different positions to establish the power-on and power-off modes allowed for the system.
 key mechanism
A description of how an architectural pattern is realized in terms of patterns of interaction between elements in the system. Typically presented in a software architecture document.
 key of reference
In COBOL, the key, either prime or alternate, currently being used to access records within an indexed file.
 keypad
A physical grouping of keys such as the numeric key pad and the cursor key pad on a keyboard or the buttons on a telephone.
 keypad mapping
The process of assigning special alphanumeric characters to the keys on a telephone keypad so that the telephone can be used as a computer terminal keyboard.
 key pair
In computer security, a public key and a private key. When the key pair is used for encryption, the sender uses the public key to encrypt the message, and the recipient uses the private key to decrypt the message. When the key pair is used for signing, the signer uses the private key to encrypt a representation of the message, and the recipient uses the public key to decrypt the representation of the message for signature verification.
 key performance indicator (KPI)
A quantifiable measure designed to track one of the critical success factors of a business process.
 keypoint
The periodic recording of system information and control blocks on the system log - also the data so recorded.
 keypoint directory element (KPDE)
In a CICS keypoint, an element that records the time when a complete set of tie-up records (TURs) was written to the forward recovery logs.
 key policy
A single, key-protection transform that the initiating key server offers to the responding key server. A key policy governs Phase I negotiations.
 key range
The two key fields signifying a range of records to be processed sequentially. The range of records is selected by specifying either key values that bound the records to be selected or an individual key value for which all matching records should be selected in a shared index.
 key repository
A store for digital certificates and their associated private keys.
 key ring
In computer security, a file that contains public keys, private keys, trusted roots, and certificates. See also keystore file.
 key ring file
A binary file that is protected by a password and stores one or more certificates on the server hard drives. There are two types of key ring files: server and CA.
 key schedule
In Cryptographic Support, sixteen 8-byte keys created by the Data Encryption Algorithm from the supplied cryptographic key that are used to encrypt or decrypt the supplied data.
 key sequence
The collating sequence of data records, determined by the value of the key field in each of the data records. It can be the same as, or different from, the entry sequence of the records. See also entry sequence.
 key-sequenced data set (KSDS)
A VSAM file or data set whose records are loaded in key sequence and controlled by an index.
 key server
A server that negotiates the values that determine the characteristics of a dynamic virtual private network (VPN) connection that is established between two endpoints.
 key set
An unordered flat collection that uses keys and does not allow duplicate elements.
 keystore
In security, a storage object, either a file or a hardware cryptographic card, where identities and private keys are stored, for authentication and encryption purposes. Some keystores also contain trusted, or public, keys. See also truststore.
 keystore file
A key ring that contains both public keys that are stored as signer certificates and private keys that are stored in personal certificates. See also key database file.
 keystring
Additional specification of the entry within a naming service.
 key stroke interface
The part of the Front End Programming Interface that allows a front-end application to specify a sequence of key stroke-like commands, which is used to define input to a back-end application.
 key system
In telephony, the type of telephone system that provides telephones with more than one line for users. Outside lines appear directly on the telephones instead of being routed through an operator and transferred, as in PBX systems.
 key table
(1) In the Kerberos protocol, a file that contains service principal names and secret keys. The secret keys should be known only to the services that use the key table file and to the key distribution center (KDC).
(2) A file on the service's host system. Each entry in the file contains the service principal's name and secret key. On i5/OS, a key table file is created during configuration of network authentication service. When a service requests authentication to i5/OS with Network Authentication Service configured, that i5/OS checks the key table file for that service's credentials.
 key/think time
In capacity planning, the time between interactive transactions such as typing, thinking, idle time, and so on. As an interactive user's proficiency with the application improves, the user's key/think time is likely to reduce, which can result in an increase in the observed throughput.
 key translation
In Cryptographic Support, the conversion of a data encrypting key from encryption under a previous key-encrypting key to encryption under another key-encrypting key.
 key value pair
Information that is expressed as a paired set of parameters. For example, if you want to express that the specific sport is football, this data can be expressed as key=sport and value=football.
 keyword
(1) One of the predefined words of a programming language, artificial language, application, or command.
(2) See reserved word.
(3) A symbol that identifies a parameter in job control language (JCL).
 keyword functions
The result of processing DDS keywords in a record format specified on an operation.
 keyword instruction
In REXX, one or more clauses, the first of which starts with a keyword that identifies the instruction. Some keyword instructions affect the flow of control, while others provide services to the programmer. CALL, DO, and PARSE are examples of keyword instructions.
 keyword parameter
A parameter that consists of a keyword followed by one or more values. See also positional parameter.
 keywords field
A multiple-choice field that lets users make selections by clicking, rather than typing, an entry. Keywords fields can display in several formats, including a drop-down list box, a check box, and a radio button.
 kill character
A character that deletes a line of characters entered after a prompt.
 kilobit (Kb)
(1) For processor storage, real and virtual storage, and channel volume, 2 to the power of 10 or 1024 bits.
(2) For disk storage capacity and communications volume, 1000 bits.
 kilobits per second (kbps)
A measure of bandwidth on a data transmission medium, where 1 kb/s = 1000 bits per second. This contrasts with units of storage where 1 Kb = 1024 bits (note upper case K). See also megabits per second, gigabits per second.
 kilobyte
For processor storage, real and virtual storage, and channel volume, 210 or 1 024 bytes. For disk storage capacity and communications volume, 1 000 bytes.
 Kilovolt ampere (kVA)
A unit of power.
 kind test
A form of a node test that can select nodes based on their kind and name. See also node test.
 kiosk mode
The mode of a Web browser in which none of the browser controls, such as the browser menu bar and toolbar, are shown.
 kiosk services
Solutions for business center service providers such as hotel chains, airports and office service franchises that offer document services (storing, reproduction and distribution) through shared access devices in public spaces.
 kit
A collection of catalog entries that are ordered as a single SKU. A kit is available in one of three types: dynamic kit, prebuilt kit, and static kit. See also bundle, prebuilt kit.
 knowledge asset
A document external to the scope of the product that contains information associated to existing metadata.
 knowledge component
The autonomic manager component that creates and stores information that an autonomic manager needs, such as facts and policies.
 Korean double-byte character set
An IBM-defined double-byte character set for Korean, consisting of Korean non-Hangeul/non-Hanja set, Hangeul set, Hanja set and up to 1,880 user-definable characters.
 Korean Hangeul character set
A subset of the Korean DBCS, consisting of 2672 Hangeul characters and 52 Jamo characters.
 Korean Hanja character set
A subset of the Korean DBCS, consisting of 5265 Hanja characters.
 Korean non-Hangeul/non-Hanja character set
A subset of the Korean DBCS, consisting of non-Hangeul/non-Hanja characters, such as Greek, Russian, Roman numeric, alphanumeric and related symbols, Katakana, Hiragana, and special symbols. There are 940 characters in this set.
 Korn shell (ksh)
(1) An interactive command interpreter and a command programming language.
(2) A command interpreter developed for UNIX, which forms the basis for the z/OS shell.
 KPDE
See keypoint directory element.
 KPI
See key performance indicator.
 KPI context
A container for key performance indicators (KPIs) and their associated triggers and events.
 KPI model
The part of the monitor model that contains the KPI contexts, which in turn contain key performance indicators and their associated triggers and events.
 KPOH
See thousands of power-on hours.
 KSDS
See key-sequenced data set.
 ksh
See Korn shell.
 kVA
See Kilovolt ampere.

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L
 
 L10N
See localization.
 L2TP
See Layer Two Tunneling Protocol.
 L2TP access concentrator (LAC)
A device that is either attached to the switched network or concurrently located within a Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) end system that is capable of handling the Layer Two Tunnel Protocol (L2TP). LAC needs to implement only the media over which L2TP operates in order to pass traffic to one or more L2TP network servers. It may tunnel any protocol that is carried within PPP. LAC is the initiator of incoming calls and the receiver of outgoing calls.
 L2TP network server (LNS)
A server that handles the server side of the Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP). Because L2TP relies only on the single media over which L2TP tunnels arrive, the L2TP network server (LNS) may have only a single local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN) interface. However, LNS must still be able to end calls that arrive at any L2TP access concentrator (LAC). LNS is the initiator of outgoing calls and the receiver of incoming calls.
 label
(1) An identification record for a tape or disk file.
(2) One or more characters used to identify a statement or an item of data in a computer program.
(3) In DB2 for i5/OS SQL, text that is attached to columns, tables, and packages.
(4) The explanatory text next to a control on the screen.
(5) An instance of a label type object, which provides a user-defined name for a version. See also object.
(6) Text that a user enters to identify a revision.
(7) A node in a portal that cannot contain any content, but can contain other nodes. Labels are used primarily to group nodes in the navigation tree.
(8) An identifier within or attached to a set of data elements.
 label-based access control (LBAC)
A security mechanism that uses security labels to restrict user access to individual table rows and columns. See also security label, security policy.
 labeled duration
A number that represents a duration of years, months, days, hours, minutes, seconds, or microseconds.
 labeled statement
A programming language statement that contains one or more identifiers followed by a colon and a statement.
 label type
A type object that defines a version label for use within a versioned object base (VOB).
 LABP
See link access procedure-balanced.
 LAC
(1) See License Authorization Code.
(2) See L2TP access concentrator.
 LADN
See library-assigned document name.
 LAK
See login acknowledgment message.
 lame delegation
A misconfiguration of the Domain Name System (DNS) files. A lame delegation is the delegation of a domain to any name server that does not have authority for that domain.
 LAN
See local area network.
 LAN cache
An area of temporary storage on a local resource manager that contains a copy of objects stored on a remote resource manager.
 landscape page presentation
The position of a printed sheet that has its long edges as the top and bottom and its short edges as the sides. See also portrait page presentation.
 LANE
See LAN emulation.
 LAN emulation (LANE)
The transparent use of an ATM network as an Ethernet-type LAN (IEEE 802.3) or a token-ring LAN (IEEE 802.5).
 LAN emulation client (LEC)
The access point where devices on the emulated LAN use remote applications and data. A single LAN emulation client may serve as the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) connection point for many devices or sessions. The LAN emulation client imitates the functions of the LAN protocol, either token-ring or Ethernet, over the ATM network.
 LAN emulation configuration server (LECS)
A server that provides configuration services to the clients. The LECS provides the clients with the ATM address of an appropriate LAN emulation server to become part of an emulated LAN. The LECS may also provide some measure of security within the emulated LAN by controlling which clients to recognize and configure.
 LAN emulation server (LES)
A network server that provides asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) address resolution and control-related services to its clients. Each LAN emulation server is associated with one LAN emulation domain. The LAN emulation server recognizes the clients that are either connected to or defined in its domain. The LAN emulation server then translates LAN destinations to ATM addresses at the request of the clients. It also provides control services as part of maintaining the LAN environment.
 LAN-free data movement
The direct movement of client data between client machines and storage devices on a SAN. See also server-free data movement.
 language code
A two character (ISO 639-1) or three letter (ISO 639-2) abbreviation for a language. For example: en or eng for English. Country codes and language codes together form the basis for locale names. See also country code.
 Language Environment
An element of z/OS that provides a common runtime environment and common runtime services for C/C++, COBOL, PL/I, and Fortran applications.
 Language Environment-conforming
Pertaining to an application program that adheres to the common interface conventions of Language Environment.
 Language Environment-enabled
Pertaining to an application program that has been link-edited with the routines or stubs provided with Language Environment.
 Language Environment for VSE/ESA
In CICS/VSE, a run-time library that establishes a common execution environment for a number of SAA programming languages.
 language extension
Any feature of a given implementation of the C or C++ language (as in a compiler) that is not specified by the ISO standard. A program that takes advantage of a language extension may not be portable to compilers that do not support that extension.
 language ID
See language identifier.
 language identification
In enterprise search, a search function that determines the language of a document.
 language identifier (language ID)
The 3-character representation that identifies the cultural preference for language-related processing and is associated with an object, such as a document. For example, the language identifier is used by text search services to determine how to process the text of a document.
 language load ID
See language load identification.
 language load identification (language load ID)
An IBM language feature code associated with a language. For example, French is 2928.
 language model
For speech recognition, a set of acoustic shapes (in binary format) for a given set of words, in which word-to-word differences are maximized but speaker-to-speaker differences are minimized.
 language profile
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a set of rules that define the programming language and environment for editing and compiling programs.
 LANGUAGE segment
The portion of a RACF profile containing information about the national language in which the user receives messages.
 language-sensitive editing
A set of editing functions that are responsive to the programming language, syntax, and environment of source programs as they are being edited. Typical language-sensitive editing features are automatic indenting, token highlighting, syntax checking, and language-sensitive help.
 LAN over Coax
See 3174 Peer Communications Network.
 LAN support program
A set of software device drivers used to provide PC applications with an interface to the LAN hardware. LAN device drivers must be loaded on every personal computer that is connected to the server through a local area network (token ring or Ethernet).
 LAP
(1) See last agent pending.
(2) See link access procedure.
 LAPD
(1) See link access procedure-D-channel.
(2) See link access protocol for the D-channel.
 LAPI
See low-level application programming interface.
 large block interface (LBI)
The set of of basic sequential access method (BSAM), basic partitioned access method (BPAM), and queued sequential access method (QSAM) interfaces that deal with block sizes in 4-byte fields instead of 2-byte fields.
 large format
The format of a sequential data set that is not in basic format or extended format and has a maximum size per volume that can exceed 65 535 tracks. There is no minimum size requirement for a large format data set. See also extended format, basic format.
 large message
A message that is stored in the large message cluster (LMC). The maximum length of a message to be stored in the VSAM QDS is 31900 bytes. Messages up to 2MB can be stored in the LMC. For queue management using DB2 no distinction is made between messages and large messages.
 large object (LOB)
(1) A sequence of bytes with a size ranging from 0 bytes to 2 gigabytes less 1 byte. There are three types of LOBs: binary large objects (binary), character large objects (single-byte character or mixed), and double-byte character large objects (double-byte character). See also character large object.
(2) A data type used by databases for large objects.
 large queue element
A queue element that is larger than the smaller of either the limiting value specified during the customization of MERVA or 32KB.
 large table space
A table space that stores persistent data in database-managed space but that has a larger space limit than that of a regular table space. See also permanent table space.
 LAS
See logical application structure.
 LASI
See library access system interface.
 last agent optimization
(1) An optimization that cuts the number of two-phase commit flows to one agent in half by leaving the last agent out of the first phase of the commit process and giving the last agent the commit decision during the second phase. An initiator or last agent can use this optimization with only one of its subordinates, which is called the optimized last agent (or simply the last agent).
(2) An optimized commit flow for either presumed-nothing or presumed-abort protocols in which the last agent, or final participant, becomes the commit coordinator. This flow saves at least one message.
 last agent pending (LAP)
The last agent pending logical unit of work (LUW) state indicates that the current LUW is in doubt. This system has prepared to commit, but has not received the final vote from the last agent. The LAP state only occurs at the initiator and at a last agent.
 last element
The element visited last in an iteration over a collection. Each collection has its own definition for last element. For example, the last element of a sorted set is the element with the largest value.
 last-in first-out (LIFO)
A queuing technique in which the next item to be retrieved is the item most recently placed on the queue. See also pushdown list, first-in first-out.
 last record indicator
In RPG, an indicator that signals when the last record (LR) is processed. This indicator can then be used to condition calculation and output operations that are to be done at the end of the program.
 latch
(1) An internal mechanism for controlling concurrent events or the use of system resources.
(2) An electronic circuit that permanently records (until reset) the status of a signal.
(3) A programming device that provides short-term serialization for IMS tasks running in the online IMS system. Similar in function to an z/OS lock.
 latency
(1) The amount of time between the time when a network device originally receives a packet and the time when the packet is retransmitted.
(2) The time interval between the instant at which an instruction control unit initiates a call for data and the instant at which the actual transfer of the data starts.
(3) The time from the initiation of an operation until something actually starts happening (for example, data transmission begins).
(4) In replication, part or all of the approximate difference between the time that a source table is changed and the time that the change is applied to the corresponding target table. See also Apply latency, Capture latency, Q Apply latency, Q Capture latency, end-to-end latency.
 Latin 1
See Latin alphabet no. 1.
 Latin-1
See Latin alphabet no. 1.
 Latin alphabet
An alphabet composed of the letters a - z and A - Z with or without accents and ligatures.
 Latin alphabet no. 1 (Latin 1, Latin-1)
The 190 characters used in most of Western Europe, North America, Central and South America . There are other Latin alphabets such as Latin-2 and Latin-3 that correspond to some of the other ISO/IEC 8859 character sets. The numbering scheme is neither rational nor orderly.
 launch configuration
A mechanism for defining and saving different workbench configurations that can be launched separately. Configurable options include run and debug settings.
 launcher
The executable file that starts a program for installing or uninstalling on a particular platform.
 launchpad
A graphical interface for launching the product installation wizard.
 layer
In a network architecture, a group of services, functions, and protocols that is complete from a conceptual point of view; that is one of a set of hierarchically arranged groups; and that extends across all systems that conform to the network architecture.
 layer entity (LE)
In OSI, an active element in a layer.
 layer service
In OSI, a service provided by a layer of the OSI reference model.
 Layer Two Tunneling Protocol (L2TP)
An Internet protocol that permits the tunneling of the link layer of Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP).
 layout box
In Page Designer, a control that allows Web designers to position text and images within the page. Layout boxes can be stacked or aligned using a grid.
 layout manager
In programming graphical user interfaces, an object that controls the size and position of Java components within a container. The Java platform supplies several commonly used layout managers for AWT and Swing containers.
 layout region
On a form or subform, a fixed-length design area in which related elements can be dragged and moved easily and can be displayed in ways not possible on regular forms and subforms.
 lazy authentication
The process whereby the security run time environment obtains the required authentication data when the Java client accesses a protected enterprise bean for the first time.
 lazy write
A function whereby the network server performs a write-to-disk operation rather than caching the data for this storage space. Use of the lazy write function enhances system performance by allowing information to be updated multiple times before being written to disk.
 LBA
See logical block address.
 LBAC
See label-based access control.
 LBAC credentials
In label-based access control, the set of security labels and exemptions held by a database user.
 LBG
See load balancing group.
 LBI
See large block interface.
 LBR
See low bit rate.
 LCI
See local component installer.
 LCID
See log control interval definition.
 LC message
Last confirmed control message. It contains the message-sequence number of the application or acknowledgment message that was last confirmed; that is, for which the sending MERVA Link system most recently received confirmation of a successful delivery.
 LCPC
See load code page control.
 LCS
See Library Control System.
 LCU
See logical control unit.
 LDAP
See Lightweight Directory Access Protocol.
 LDAP binding
A binding operation that authenticates the client to the server.
 LDAP Data Interchange Format (LDIF)
A format used by the ldapmodify, ldapadd, and ldapsearch command-line utilities to represent LDAP entries in a standard portable text form.
 LDAP directory
A type of repository that stores information on people, organizations, and other resources and that is accessed using the LDAP protocol. The entries in the repository are organized into a hierarchical structure, and in some cases the hierarchical structure reflects the structure or geography of an organization.
 LDAP Directory Interchange Format (LDIF)
A file format that is used to describe directory information as well as changes that need to be applied to a directory, such that directory information can be exchanged between directory servers that are using LDAP.
 LDAP service
The LDAP server task that processes LDAP client requests.
 LDC
See logical device component.
 LDIF
(1) See LDAP Directory Interchange Format.
(2) See LDAP Data Interchange Format.
 LDS
(1) See linear data set.
(2) See logical data stream.
 LDT
See logical deployment template.
 LE
See layer entity.
 leader
The blank section of tape at the beginning of a reel.
 leaf
In a tree, an entry or node that has no children.
 leaf entry
In the Distributed Computing Environment (DCE), a directory that has no subordinates. It can be an alias entry or an object entry.
 leaf page
A page that contains pairs of keys and record identifiers and that points to actual data. See also nonleaf page.
 learning object
In Lotus Learning Management System, the electronic representation of media, text, image, sound, or other data, or an aggregation of such pieces of data into a cohesive unit of instruction, that can be delivered to a Web client. In the Lotus Learning Management System, course content is made up of learning objects.
 lease
An agreement that grants permission to use a product or a program.
 least recently used (LRU)
Pertaining to an algorithm used to identify and make available the cache space that contains the data that was least recently used.
 least squares
A method of fitting a curve to a set of points representing statistical data in such a way that the sum of the squares of the distances of the points from the curve is a minimum.
 LEC
(1) See LAN emulation client.
(2) See local exchange carrier.
 LECS
See LAN emulation configuration server.
 LED
See light-emitting diode.
 left outer join
The result of a join operation that includes the matched rows of two tables that are being joined and that preserves the unmatched rows of the first table. See also full outer join, right outer join, join.
 legend
An explanatory list of the symbols, lines, and other components of a chart or graphic.
 lemma
The normalized or canonical form of a word. Typically, the lemma is the underived and uninflected form of a noun or a verb. For example, the lemma of the terms 'organizing' and 'organized' is 'organize'. See also stem.
 lemmatization
A process that identifies the root form and different grammatical forms of a word. For example, a search for mouse also finds documents that contain the word mice, and a search for go also finds documents that contain going, gone, or went.
 Lempel-Ziv (LZ)
A technique for compressing data. This technique replaces some character strings, which occur repeatedly within the data, with codes. The encoded character strings are then kept in a common dictionary, which is created as the data is being sent.
 length attribute
A value associated with a string that represents the declared fixed length or maximum length of the string.
 lenient distribution
The process of distributing software packages to endpoints, managed nodes, or profile managers that are not current subscribers to the profile manager to which the software packages belong.
 LEN node
See low-entry networking node.
 LEO
See low earth orbit.
 LES
See LAN emulation server.
 letterhead
A preset design that appears at the top of an e-mail message.
 level
(1) In a database, the successive vertical dependencies in a hierarchical structure.
(2) A set of one or more related attributes that work together as one logical step in a hierarchy. Attributes can function in one or more roles in a level.
 Level-0 managed system
An IBM or non-IBM server, desktop computer, workstation, or mobile computer, that can be managed by IBM Director but does not have any IBM Director software installed on it.
 level 0 volume
A primary volume or a user volume not managed by DFSMShsm.
 Level-1 managed system
An IBM or non-IBM server, desktop computer, workstation, and mobile computer that has IBM Director Core Services installed.
 level 1 volume
A volume, owned by DFSMShsm, containing data sets that migrated from a level 0 volume.
 Level-2 managed system
An IBM or non-IBM server, desktop computer, workstation, or mobile computer that has IBM Director Agent installed. The function of a Level-2 managed system varies depending on the operating system and hardware.
 level 2 volume
A volume under control of DFSMShsm containing data sets that migrated from a level 1 volume, or from a volume not managed by DFSMShsm.
 level checking
A function that compares the record level identifiers of a file to be opened with the file description that is part of a compiled program to determine if the record format for the file changed since the program was compiled.
 level function
A function that must be performed but that needs to be performed by only one processing unit. Level functions include backing up the control data sets (CDSs), backing up migrated data sets, deleting expired dump copies, moving backup versions from level 1 volumes to backup volumes, migration cleanup, and level-1-to-level-2 migration. See also demotion, promotion.
 level indicator
(1) In COBOL, two alphabetic characters (FD or SD) that identify the type of file description entry.
(2) In RPG, two characters (L0 through L9 and LR) that control calculation and output processing during total time.
 leveling
Any form of network analysis in which scheduling decisions are driven by resource management concerns such as availability.
 level-number
In COBOL, a numeric character (1 through 9) or a 2-character set (01 through 49, 66, 77, 88) that begins a data description entry and establishes its level in a data hierarchy. Level-numbers 66, 77, and 88 identify special properties of a data description entry.
 level of service
See service level agreement.
 level one data sharing
For DEDB areas, DBRC may authorize only one subsystem to update the database and multiple subsystems that do not need to be protected from incomplete changes made by the updater to read it, or it may authorize multiple subsystems to read the database. For area level sharing, DBRC may authorize the update or read of an area. See also interprocessor block level sharing.
 level three data sharing
DBRC and one IRLM and VTAM on each MVS system may concurrently authorize and protect multiple subsystems on different MVS systems for updating or reading the database. The IRLMs may reside in one or more z/OS operating system images. See also area-level sharing, intraprocessor block level sharing.
 level two data sharing
DBRC and one IRLM may concurrently authorize and protect multiple subsystems on the same MVS system for updating or reading the database. See also interprocessor block level sharing.
 level zero data sharing
The level of data sharing in which DBRC allows only one subsystem (for example, one online IMS) to access the database.
 level-zero entry
In RPG, a calculation specifications entry that indicates the operations to be done during total time for each program cycle when no control break occurs.
 lexical affinity
The relationship of search words in a document that are close to each other in meaning. Lexical affinity is used to calculate the relevancy of a result.
 lexical analysis
The process by which a stream of characters is grouped into a series of lexical items, or tokens, and all available dictionary data is associated with the lexical items. Lexical analysis comprises three separate steps: segmentation, normalization and annotation.
 lexical analysis dictionary
A dictionary with glosses of standard structure that is required for lexical analysis algorithms.
 lexical analyzer
A program that analyzes input and breaks it into categories, such as numbers, letters, or operators.
 lexical item
See token.
 lexical parsing item (LPI)
In lexical analysis, a unit in the lexical representation of text. A lexical parsing item contains annotations or gloss information to be associated with the range in the surface text. See also token.
 lexical parsing stream (LPS)
In lexical analysis, a data construct specifying the lexical representation of text. Specifically, it is a stream of lexical parsing items (LPIs).
 lexical QName
An optional namespace prefix and a local name. If the namespace prefix is present, it is separated from the local name by a colon. See also expanded QName, qualified name.
 lexicon name
A string of characters that uniquely identify a dictionary for loading purposes.
 LFS
See local file system.
 LFSID
See local-form session identifier.
 librarian
In CICS/VSE, the set of programs that maintains, services, and organizes the system and private libraries.
 library
(1) A system object that serves as a directory to other objects. A library groups related objects, and allows users to find objects by name.
(2) A repository for demountable recorded media, such as magnetic disks and magnetic tapes.
(3) A collection of model elements, including business items, processes, tasks, resources, and organizations.
(4) A partitioned data set or a series of concatenated partitioned data sets. See also partitioned data set extended.
(5) A Notes database that contains lists of links to other databases. Unlike a catalog, which lists all the Notes databases on a server, a library contains links to selected databases from one or several servers.
(6) A set of object modules that can be specified in a link command.
 library access system interface (LASI)
The PSF subcomponent that gets resources from the libraries and stores and obtains records in a message data set.
 library-assigned document name (LADN)
A unique name, which includes a time stamp and a system name, that is assigned by a system in the office network to a document when it is filed in the document library. On i5/OS, the time-stamp part of the library-assigned document name is included in a 10-character name that becomes the document object name.
 library client
The component of a Content Manager system that provides a low-level programming interface for the library system. The library client includes APIs that are part of the software developer's kit.
 library control sector
The first sector in a library which contains a record of the used and available space in the library.
 Library Control System (LCS)
The component of the object access method (OAM) that is used in the support of tape libraries. The LCS also writes and reads objects on optical disk storage and manipulates the optical volumes on which the objects reside.
 library descriptions file
A file that lists keywords, document classes, or both, or the access codes associated with different document libraries.
 library list
In i5/OS, a list that indicates which libraries are to be searched and the order in which they are to be searched. The system-recognized identifier is *LIBL.
 library look-aside (LLA)
A facility in MVS/ESA that reduces library I/O activity by keeping selected directory entries in storage, instead of making repetitive searches of DASD.
 library manager
The software application that controls all operations in an Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS) or in a file.
 library manager database
A database that contains entries for all cartridges in the Automated Tape Library Dataserver (ATLDS) and the manual tape library (MTL) data server. Each entry contains volume serial number (VOLSER), category, physical location, and volume status information.
 library member
See resource object.
 library name
A user-defined word that names a library.
 library name space
An attribute that can be set for the current thread. The library name space is the set of objects and libraries that can be accessed in any independent disk pools in a disk pool group plus the libraries in the system disk pool and basic user disk pools (ASPs 2-32) using the regular library-qualified object name syntax.
 library object
(1) See resource object.
(2) See item.
 library record
Information related to the library, such as library name and logical type. The library record resides within the tape configuration database (TCDB).
 library routine
In CoOperative Development Environment/400, a routine maintained in a program library.
 library server
The component of a Content Manager system that stores, manages, and handles queries on items.
 library user ASP
An auxiliary storage pool that contains libraries and folders. See also nonlibrary user ASP.
 license
(1) In license management, a license gives the user authorization to use a user-based priced product.
(2) A permission granted by competent authority to engage in a business or occupation or in an action otherwise unlawful.
 License Authorization Code (LAC)
Code that is needed to unlock a licensed program.
 Licensed Internal Code
(1) For i5/OS, the layered architecture below the machine interface (MI). The Licensed Internal Code is a proprietary system design that carries out many functions. These functions include but are not limited to storage management, pointers and addressing, program management functions, exception and event management, data functions, I/O managers, and security.
(2) Microcode that IBM does not sell as part of a machine, but licenses to the customer. LIC is implemented in a part of storage that is not addressable by user programs. Some IBM products use it to implement functions as an alternative to hardware implementations.
 Licensed Internal Code fix
A temporary solution to, or bypass of, a defect in a current release of the Licensed Internal Code.
 licensed program (LP)
A separately priced program and its associated materials that bear a copyright and are offered to customers under the terms and conditions of a licensing agreement.
 licensed program offering (LPO)
A field-developed program that is not supported on the Licensed Program menu. LPOs have separate instructions for installation.
 licensed program product (LPP)
See licensed program.
 license key file
A file containing keys (passwords) required to run Cluster Systems Management.
 license pool
A collection of shared licenses available for a particular software installation.
 license server
A program that provides license services and administers licenses for software products.
 license term
In i5/OS license management, an indicator of whether the authorized usage limit for a product lasts until the next version, next release, or next modification level of the product.
 license use key
A key (password) that is required to run Cluster Systems Management. A license key file, containing license use keys, is included with the CSM package.
 LID
See local identifier.
 life cycle
(1) Passage or transformation through different stages over time. For example markets, brands and offerings have life cycles.
(2) One complete pass through the four phases phases of software development: inception, elaboration, construction and transition.
 life cycle relationship
A relationship between a consuming software entity and a supplying software entity that indicates the degree to which the life cycles of the consuming software entity and the supplying software entity are bound together in the runtime environment.
 life cycle state
The span of time that begins when a configuration item (CI) is created and ends when it is no longer available for use.
 lifeline
In a sequence diagram, a connectable element (an object or a role) that describes how each instance participates in the interaction over a period of time. See also sequence diagram.
 LIFO
See last-in first-out.
 LIFO storage
Storage used by reentrant CICS management modules to save registers.
 ligature
Two or more characters that are connected so they appear as one character. For example, ff and ffi are characters that can be presented as ligatures.
 light-emitting diode (LED)
A semiconductor chip that gives off visible or infrared light when activated.
 lightness
The characteristic that allows colors to be put in order from light to dark.
 light path diagnostics
A technology that provides a lighted path to failed or failing components to expedite hardware repairs.
 Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
An open protocol that uses TCP/IP to provide access to directories that support an X.500 model and that does not incur the resource requirements of the more complex X.500 Directory Access Protocol (DAP). For example, LDAP can be used to locate people, organizations, and other resources in an Internet or intranet directory.
 lightweight process
See thread.
 Lightweight Third Party Authentication (LTPA)
(1) An authentication framework that allows single sign-on across a set of Web servers that fall within an Internet domain.
(2) A protocol that uses cryptography to support security in a distributed environment.
 like concatenation
Data sets that are allocated with one data definition (DD) name so that an application program can read them as if they were one data set. These data sets must have identical or compatible record formats and lengths.
 like device
Pertaining to direct access storage devices (DASDs) that have the same performance and format characteristics.
 LIL
See loadable implementation library.
 Lilian date
A system of numbering days consecutively from October 15, 1582.
 limit count
The number that determines whether the normal or limit priority value is assigned to a transaction during the scheduling process. See also limit priority, normal priority.
 limited availability interim fix
A customer-tested fix that is offered on a limited basis.
 limited capability
In CICS, the use of certain CL commands can be restricted by setting a user's profile to limited capability.
 limited meeting
A Sametime meeting that is limited to a certain number of participants by the system administrator. Differs from a restricted meeting. See also restricted meeting.
 limit key
The highest value of the index key for a partition.
 limit priority
The priority to which a transaction is raised when the number of transactions enqueued and waiting to be processed is equal to or greater than the limit count value. See also limit count, normal priority, scheduling priority.
 limits file
In RPG, a file that contains the upper and lower values of the record keys used to read from an indexed file.
 limits record
In RPG, a record that contains the lowest record key and the highest record key of the records that are to be read (in the keyed file).
 LINAGE-COUNTER
In COBOL, a special register whose value points to the current position within the page body.
 line
(1) The physical path in data transmission.
(2) On a terminal, one or more characters entered before a return to the first printing or display position, or accepted by the system as a single block of output.
 linear data set (LDS)
A VSAM data set that contains data but no control information. An LDS can be accessed as a byte-addressable string in virtual storage.
 linear logging
In WebSphere MQ on UNIX systems, and WebSphere MQ for Windows, the process of keeping restart data in a sequence of files. New files are added to the sequence as necessary. The space in which the data is written is not reused. See also circular logging.
 linear procedure
Any procedure not beginning with a REXX comment. A linear procedure can contain QMF commands, comments, blank lines, RUN commands, and substitution variables.
 linear syntax
QMF command syntax that is entered in one statement of a program or procedure, or that can be entered on the QMF command line.
 linear trending
Linear growth based on the historical values of a data set using the least squares regression algorithm.
 line chart
In the GDDM function, a chart in which the plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker) are joined by straight or curved lines.
 line code violation
In Performance Tools, two successive electrical pulses of the same polarity, instead of alternating polarity, on the S/T interface.
 line command
An abbreviation used to request a function for a specific line or lines from the command area to the left of the line or lines affected. For example, C for Copy or M for Move.
 line configuration
The process of creating configuration descriptions for the lines that make up a data processing system.
 line control character
See transmission control character.
 line counter specifications
In RPG, a coding sheet on which the programmer indicates or overrides the system defaults for the form length and for the number of lines to print on a page. Line counter specifications can be used for each printer file in a program.
 line data
(1) Data prepared for printing on a line printer. Line data can contain carriage-control characters and table-reference characters (TRC) for spacing and font selections.
(2) Application data that is prepared for printing, without any data placement or presentation information. See also record format line data, traditional line data.
 line description
An object that contains information describing a particular communications line that is attached to the system. The system-recognized identifier for the object type is *LIND.
 line descriptor
Specifications that describe how traditional line data records are formatted into individual print lines. Line descriptors are interpreted by PSF when formatting printed output.
 line editor
An editor that displays data one line at a time and that allows data to be accessed and modified only by entering commands.
 line error
An error on the telephone line that causes the signal to be impaired.
 line format
Specifications that describe how text and variable data are formatted into lines suitable for displaying at a terminal or printing.
 line graph
In Performance Tools, a graph in which plotted points (each optionally represented by a marker) are joined by straight or curved lines.
 line item set
A set of order items (or portions of order items when the quantity of order items is greater than one). It is a temporary grouping of order items used by the promotion engine during promotion evaluation.
 line merging
Printing two or more records of line data at the same location on the page. Line merging is used with line data to mix different fonts on the same line, to underscore or overstrike, and on impact printers to create darker print.
 line mode
An input-processing mode in which input is collected and processed one line at a time.
 line-mode printing
Every 3800 printer can operate in line mode as a non-AFP printer. Print jobs that run in line mode do not use PSF or AFP resources, such as page definitions or form definitions. Instead, they use 3800 line-mode resources, such as FCBs and GRAPHMODs.
 line number
The number that precedes a line of information in a printout or on a display. This number can be up to 5 digits long, from 00001 through 99999.
 line pool
In Point-to-Point Protocol, a list of lines that can be used in a connection profile.
 line printer
A device that prints a line of characters as a unit. See also page printer, character printer.
 line printer daemon (LPD)
(1) The receiving portion, or target, of a file transfer that receives the spooled file that was sent and places the file on a local output queue. See also line printer requester.
(2) The printer server that allows other hosts to access its printer.
 line printer queue (LPQ)
In TCP/IP, a method to display the output queue of spooled files sent to a printer.
 line printer removal (LPRM)
In TCP/IP, a method of removing spooled files from the queue of a printer.
 line printer requester (LPR)
(1) The sending portion, or client portion, of a spooled file transfer. The line printer requester allows a spooled file that was sent between remote systems to be sent to a printer queue. See also line printer daemon.
(2) A client that lets the local host submit a file for printing on a remote printer server.
 line response mode
A variation of response mode where all operations on the communication line are suspended while the application program output message is being generated. See also response mode, terminal response mode.
 line set
In the OSI Communications Subsystem licensed program, a user-specified group of one or more lines used to establish network connections. When sending an outbound connection request, OSI Communications Subsystem selects a line from a line set. The line characteristics--such as line speed--of each line in a given line set should be similar.
 lines per inch (lpi)
The number of characters that can be printed vertically within an inch.
 line switching
See circuit switching.
 line traffic
The number of transmissions and the amount of data sent and received on a communications line.
 line transmission termination (LT)
In Performance Tools, the line transmission termination part of the reference model for the integrated services digital network (ISDN).
 linguistic conversion
A conversion where a partial mapping is done from the source code page to the target code page. The integrity of characters that are in both the target coded character set identifier (CCSID) and the source CCSID are preserved. Characters that are not in the target CCSID are mapped to the most culturally acceptable alternative for that character.
 linguistic search
A search type that browses, retrieves, and indexes a document with terms that are reduced to their base form, for example, so that mice is indexed as mouse, or expanded with their base form, such as with compound words.
 link
(1) A connection that provides the physical transfer of data from one node to another.
(2) In a file system, a connection between a directory and an object. The link is established when the object is created.
(3) In hypertext, an author-defined association between two information nodes.
(4) In SNA, the combination of the link connection (the transmission medium) and two link stations (one at each end of the link connection).
(5) In TCP/IP, a term for a communications line. A TCP/IP link may share the use of a communications line with SNA.
(6) In a file system, a connection between an i-node and one or more file names associated with it.
(7) In data communication, a transmission medium and data link control (DLC) component that together transmit data between adjacent nodes.
(8) A line or arrow that connects activities in a process. A link passes information between activities and determines the order in which they run.
(9) A directional relationship between two items: the parent and the child. You can use a set of links to model one-to-many associations. See also reference.
(10) An icon that provides direct access from one Notes document, view, or database (the source object) to any other document, view, or database (the target object). Notes opens the target object without closing the source object that was branched from.
(11) In fibre-channel technology, two unidirectional fibers carrying data in opposite directions, along with their associated transmitters and receivers. See also circuit.
(12) In an IMS multisystem environment, the connection between two systems. See also physical link and logical link.
(13) In IDDU, to connect a database file on disk with a file definition in a data dictionary. See also unlink.
(14) To interconnect items of data or portions of one or more computer programs, for example, the linking of object programs by a linkage editor or the linking of data items by pointers.
 link access procedure (LAP)
A link level element used for data interchange between data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) and data terminal equipment (DTE) operating in user classes of service 8 to 11, as specified in CCITT Recommendation X.1. See also link access procedure-balanced.
 link access procedure-balanced (LABP)
A procedure for gaining access to an X.25 network at the link level. LAPB uses a full-duplex, asynchronous, symmetric (balanced) protocol used in point-to-point communication. See also link access procedure.
 link access procedure-D-channel (LAPD)
A procedure, recommended by the CCITT, for using an integrated services digital network (ISDN) on the data link level. LAPD is a duplex, asynchronous, symmetric procedure used to communicate control instructions, such as setting up and dropping a connection, to the control channel (D-channel) of ISDN.
 link access protocol for the D-channel (LAPD)
An HDLC protocol used in ISDN that ensures a reliable connection between the network and the user. Often used synonymously with Q.921.
 link address
An address assigned at initialization that identifies a channel or control unit and allows it to send and receive frames and perform I/O operations.
 linkage
Refers to the binding between a reference and a definition. A function has internal linkage if the function is defined inline as part of the class, is declared with the inline keyword, or is a non-member function declared with the static keyword. All other functions have external linkage.
 linkage editor
A computer program for creating load modules from one or more object modules or load modules by resolving cross-references among the modules and, if necessary, adjusting addresses.
 linkage options part
In EGL, a build part that gives details on how a generated program calls and is called by other programs. The part also gives details on how a generated COBOL program accesses files on remote CICS regions. The information in this part is used at generation time, test time, and run time.
 linkage properties file
An EGL-generated or handwritten text file that can be used at Java EE run time to give details on how an EGL-generated Java program or wrapper calls other code.
 Linkage Section
In COBOL, a section of the Data Division that describes data made available from another program.
 link analysis
A method that is based on the analysis of hyperlinks between documents and used to determine what pages in the collection are important to users.
 link-attached
Pertaining to devices that are connected to a controlling unit by a data link. See also channel-attached.
 link count
The number of directory entries that refer to a particular file. [POSIX.1]
 linked HATS/WebFacing project
A combined project that includes both WebFacing and HATS customization capabilities. See also HATS/WebFacing enabled project.
 link-edit
To create a loadable computer program by means of a linkage editor.
 link-edit part
In EGL, a build part that describes how to form a load module from two or more programs. The information in this part is used at generation time and preparation time, but only when the target system is CICS for z/OS.
 linked list
A list in which the data elements may be dispersed but in which each data element contains information for locating the next.
 link end
An instance of an association end.
 linker
A program that resolves cross-references among separately compiled object modules and then assigns final addresses to create a single executable program.
 link level
(1) In SNA, the combination of the transmission connection, protocol, devices, and programming joining network nodes.
(2) A part of Recommendation X.25 that defines the link protocol used to get data into and out of the network across the duplex line connecting the subscriber's equipment to the network.
 link-level facility
The ESCON or FICON hardware and logical functions of a control unit or channel subsystem that allow communication over an ESCON or FICON read and write interface.
 link level security
The security services that are invoked, directly or indirectly, by a message channel agent (MCA), the communications subsystem, or a combination of the two working together.
 link list
The list of libraries searched by the control program (after the job pack, task library, step library, job library, and link pack area have been searched) for any load that does not provide a specific data control block to be used. In MVS, the system name is LNKLST.
 link name
A name defined in the deployment descriptor of the encompassing application.
 link pack area (LPA)
The portion of virtual storage below 16MB that contains frequently used modules. See also dynamic link pack area.
 link partner
A device that the Ethernet adapter is connected to in an Ethernet connection. A link partner can be a switch, hub, router, or some other device that the adapter is connected to.
 link pending
A state that indicates a datalink field contains one or more values that cannot be validated due to a system failure, communications failure, or other similar error. The file is still usable when it is in this state, but only for reading data.
 Link Problem Determination Aid (LPDA)
A series of procedures used by products to test modem or other data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) operations, and to provide information about the DCE and the data link. An extended version also provides operational and configuration commands. LPDA commands can be used only with DCEs that support LPDA.
 Link Problem Determination Aid-1 (LPDA-1)
The first version of the LPDA command set. Although LPDA-1 and LPDA-2 provide several of the same functions, LPDA-1 is not compatible with LPDA-2.
 Link Problem Determination Aid-2 (LPDA-2)
A second version of the LPDA command set. In addition to most of the functions of LPDA-1, LPDA-2 also supports modem configuration commands, a call out (dial) command, a set transmit speed command, and commands to operate a contact that controls external devices.
 link protocol
The rules for sending and receiving data at the link level.
 link protocol converter (LPC)
A device that changes one type of link-level protocol information to another type of link-level protocol information for processing; for example, 5208 Link Protocol Converter, 5209 Link Protocol Converter, or ROLMbridge 5250 Link Protocol Converter.
 link security
A limit on one system's authorization to attach transactions and access resources in another. Link security works by signing on each end of a session (to RACF, in CICS Transaction Server) when the session is bound. Each half-session then has the access requirements of the single user profile defined for the remote system as a whole. This profile is applied when a transaction is attached and whenever the transaction accesses a protected resource. See also bind-time security.
 link services
A protocol for link-related actions.
 link-state advertisement (LSA)
In a link-state routing protocol, a packet that contains information about neighbors and path costs. Each router in an area generates its link-state database from the link-state advertisements (LSAs) that it receives from all the other routers in the same area and the LSAs that itself generates.
 link-state database
In a link-state routing protocol, a database that each router in an area generates from the link-state advertisements (LSAs) that it receives from all the other routers in the same area and the LSAs that itself generates. Based on the link-state database, each router calculates the shortest-path spanning tree, with itself as the root, using the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm.
 link-state routing protocol
A type of routing protocol in which each router uses the Shortest Path First (SPF) algorithm to calculate shortest (lowest-cost) paths, and broadcasts or multicasts information regarding the cost of reaching each of its neighbors to all nodes in the internetwork. See also Shortest Path First, distance-vector routing protocol.
 Linux
An open source operating system that runs on a wide range of hardware platforms and has many features that are similar to the UNIX system.
 Linux for S/390
The Linux distributions that run on IBM's zSeries and S/390 processors in 32-bit mode.
 Linux node
One instance of a Linux operating system running on IBM hardware.
 LIP
See loop initialization primitive.
 liquidity saving payment
A payment that has been assigned to the RTGS-Liquidity Savings (RTGS-L) channel.
 list
(1) In Backup, Recovery, and Media Services, an entry in a control group that contains similar items such as libraries, folders, or objects.
(2) A type of object, which DB2 utilities can process, that identifies multiple table spaces, multiple index spaces, or both. A list is defined with the LISTDEF utility control statement.
 list box
A control that contains a list of objects or settings choices that a user can select from.
 LISTCAT
A VSAM tool that provides information that interprets the actual situation of VSAM data sets.
 list command
In Interactive Storage Management Facility (ISMF), a command that is entered on the command line and processed against all the entries in a list.
 list edit mode
In AFP Utilities, the mode that allows a user to view and change overlay elements from a list.
 listener
A program that detects incoming requests and starts the associated channel.
 listener port
An object that defines the association between a connection factory, a destination, and a deployed message-driven bean. Listener ports simplify the administration of the associations between these resources.
 listening policy
A policy that collects performance data and produces detailed information about transaction performance times so that the performance of subtransactions can be measured.
 list entry
An entry on an coupling facility list structure list.
 list entry control
Part of a coupling facility list structure list entry that contains control information associated with the list entry such as the entry key and entry ID.
 list entry handle
A value that uniquely distinguishes an entry in a user interface manager (UIM) list until it is removed from the list. A list entry handle is meaningful only for a particular application, list, and entry combination.
 list header
A header that anchors a list to a coupling list structure and contains control information associated with the list.
 list header number
The number of the list header, which identifies the particular list. The list header number ranges from 0 to the maximum defined by the first connector to the coupling facility list structure. The list header number must be specified on IXL requests that access the list structure, to identify to which list the request is applicable.
 list ID
A two-part name by which a distribution list is known. The two-part name allows distributions to be sent to both local and remote systems.
 list ID qualifier
The second part of a two-part name by which a distribution list is known.
 list-of-groups checking
A RACF option that allows a user to access all resources available to all groups of which the user is a member, regardless of the user's current connect group. For any particular resource, RACF allows access based on the highest access authority among the groups of which the user is a member.
 list panel
In Interactive Storage Management Facility (ISMF), a tabular display of data set names, volume serial numbers (VOLSERs), management class names, data class names, or storage class names and their storage attributes.
 list prefetch
An access method that takes advantage of prefetching even in queries that do not access data sequentially. A list prefetch is done by scanning an index and collecting record identifiers before any data pages are accessed. These record identifiers are then sorted, and data is prefetched using this list.
 list price
A price that is part of the catalog entry. See also offer price.
 list structure
(1) A coupling facility structure that lets data be shared and manipulated as elements of a queue.
(2) A coupling facility structure that enables multisystem applications in a sysplex to share information organized as a set of lists or queues. A list structure consists of a set of lists and an optional lock table, which can be used for serializing resources in the list structure. Each list consists of a queue of list entries.
 list-type attribute
A set of descriptive values from which a user can select only one. See also attribute type, attribute value, entry-type attribute.
 list view
In AFP Utilities, the presentation of a display shown while a user is in list edit mode.
 literal
(1) A character string whose value is defined by the characters themselves. For example, the numeric constant 7 has the value 7, and the character constant 'CHARACTERS' has the value CHARACTERS.
(2) A symbol or a quantity in a source program that is itself data, rather than a reference to data.
(3) In programming languages, a unit that directly represents a value. For example, 14 represents the integer 14.
 literal field
In MFS, a message field or device output field defined to contain specific data. See also default literal, explicit literal, system literal.
 literal pattern
In REXX, a string delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks that is used in a parsing template to specify how a sequence of characters is split.
 literal string
In REXX, a sequence including any characters that are delimited by apostrophes or quotation marks.
 Literal XML
An encoding style for serializing data over SOAP protocol. Literal XML is based on an XML schema instance.
 little endian
A format for storage or transmission of binary data in which the least significant value is placed first. See also endian, big endian.
 live session
An online class in which the instructors and all of the participants log in at the same time.
 LLA
See library look-aside.
 LLB
See Local Location Broker.
 LLC
See Logical Link Control.
 LLC protocol
See Logical Link Control protocol.
 L-lock
See logical lock.
 LMBCS
See Lotus multibyte character set.
 LMDS
See Local Multipoint Distribution Service.
 LMI
See local management interface.
 LMO
See logical management operations.
 LMS server
The primary server that is in the Lotus Learning Management System and that manages core operations for the application. See also content delivery server.
 LM_TOV
See loop master timeout value.
 LN:DO
See Lotus Notes:Data Object.
 LNK
See login negative acknowledgment message.
 LNP
See local number portability.
 LNS
See L2TP network server.
 load
(1) To move data or programs into storage.
(2) To bring all or part of a computer program into memory from auxiliary storage so that the computer can run the program.
(3) To copy a version of an element to a snapshot view or Web view.
(4) In System Manager, the smallest logical collection of objects that can make an application option. Code and language are the two types of loads. The object type is *PRDLOD.
 loadable implementation library (LIL)
The implementation module for a node or parser written in C. This is implemented in the same way as a dynamic link library, but has a file extension of .lil rather than .dll.
 load agent
The process that coordinates the loading of data to each database partition. See also partitioning agent, pre-partitioning agent.
 load authority
An access level that gives LOAD utility privileges to load data into tables. See also authority level.
 load balancing
(1) An optional Fast Path facility that enables an application program to be scheduled into more than one message or batch message region at the same time. See also transaction load balancing.
(2) The monitoring of application servers and management of the workload on servers. If one server exceeds its workload, requests are forwarded to another server with more capacity.
 load balancing group (LBG)
A grouping of Fast Path input messages that are ready for balanced processing by one or more copies of a Fast Path program. There is one load balancing group for each unique Fast Path message-driven application program. See also Fast Path.
 load code page control (LCPC)
 load copy
A backup image of data that was loaded at a previous time and can be restored during roll-forward recovery.
 loaded
Pertaining to a status where the optical image associated with the selected image catalog entry is active or loaded in the selected virtual optical device. The installation software will be able to access this image during the installation process.
 loader
A program that copies an executable file into main storage so that the file can be run.
 loader domain
Major component of CICS used by the domains of the CICS system to obtain access to storage-resident copies of nucleus and application programs, maps, and tables. In order to provide this, the loader domain interfaces with MVS to perform loading of programs into CICS-managed storage (DSA/EDSA) and scanning of the MVS link pack area.
 loader token
An 8-byte constant that uniquely identifie